Novel clorsulon voltammetric sensors based on zinc oxide nanostructure

Abstract

Herein, the fabrication and electrochemical characterization of a novel clorsulon (CLO) sensor were evaluated. Among the different tested metal oxides nanostructures, bulk modification of the carbon paste working electrode with zinc oxide exhibited the proper electrocatalytic activity towards CLO with irreversible anodic oxidation peak at 1.02 in universal buffer pH 7.0. Clorsulon molecule showed diffusion–reaction mechanism through the involvement of one-electron and one proton as illustrated by the sweep rate, pH studies, and sustained by the molecular orbital calculations. The fabricated sensors showed linear calibration curves within the CLO concentration range from 0.45 to 10.13 × 10−9 mol L−1 with LOD value of 0.14 × 10−9 mol L−1. Enhanced sensitivity with good measurement reproducibility and long operational lifetime were cited as shining futures of the fabricated sensor. The constructed sensors were utilized for clorsulon quantification in veterinary formulations and milk samples with high accuracy and precision compared with the traditional methods.