Abstract
The control of glucose concentration is a crucial factor in clinical diagnosis and the food industry. Electrochemical biosensors based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conducting polymers have a high potential for practical application. A novel thermal reduction protocol of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of malonic acid was applied for the synthesis of rGO. The rGO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. rGO in combination with polyaniline (PANI), Nafion, and glucose oxidase (GOx) was used to develop an amperometric glucose biosensor. A graphite rod (GR) electrode premodified with a dispersion of PANI nanostructures and rGO, Nafion, and GOx was proposed as the working electrode of the biosensor. The optimal ratio of PANI and rGO in the dispersion used as a matrix for GOx immobilization was equal to 1:10. The developed glucose biosensor was characterized by a wide linear range (from 0.5 to 50 mM), low limit of detection (0.089 mM), good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Therefore, the developed biosensor is suitable for glucose determination in human serum. The PANI nanostructure and rGO dispersion is a promising material for the construction of electrochemical glucose biosensors.
Highlights
IntroductionThe market of electrochemical glucose biosensors is one of the fastest growing and was valued at $12.8 billion in 2019 [2]
Accumulation of PANI nanostructures occurs in the aqueous phase, withnanostructures the color becoming dark green transparent and are formed at the from interface turning to black over time due to increased
PANI nanostructures migrate to the aqueous phase, which is above the interface
Summary
The market of electrochemical glucose biosensors is one of the fastest growing and was valued at $12.8 billion in 2019 [2]. The estimation of glucose concentration is a critical factor in the production of food and beverage [3], in which the glucose concentration can vary significantly. Under these conditions, the multi-purpose use of biosensors can be achieved by employing electrochemical biosensors with a wide linear range. Electrochemical glucose biosensors in general are cheaper, simpler, and faster in comparison to other methods, such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc. Electrochemical glucose biosensors in general are cheaper, simpler, and faster in comparison to other methods, such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc. [4,5]
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