Abstract
It has been a growers concen the reduction of Asian soybean rust (ASR) control by commercial fungicide co-formulations in the last growing seasons in southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to assess the ASR control efficacy by the most used co-formulations in the 2018/19 season. In a field experiment, 19 fungicides in commercial formulations to control soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, were evaluated. Chemicals at their recommended doses were sprayed at four soybean growth stages. The first application was performed with 1.82% leaflet incidence and coinciding with R1 phenological stage. The others were performed at 14-18 days intervals. At stage R6, end of the epidemic and coinciding with half of the defoliation in the control plots, the leaf severity was appraised. The experiment was conducted with Ativa soybean cultivar, in 3 × 6 m plots, four replications and randomized block design. The harvest was made with a plot combine and the yield expressed in grains kg/ha. The means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. The disease control efficacy by 17 fungicide co-formulation showed control less than 57%, one with 78% and none with ≥ 80%. The unsprayed treatment severity was 81% and the greatest control of 78% resulted in 3,876 kg/ha yield. Therefore, the hypothesis raised in this work was accepted showing that the site-specific fungicides co-formulations are showing efficacy reduction season after season.
Highlights
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing area in Brazil, has increased season-after-season, reaching in 2018/19 35.8 milion hectares (CONAB, 2019).Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi
The decision making for disease control with fungicides is based on its amount (Danelli et al, 2015) and on the caused damage, sensu Nutter et al (1993)
The damage caused by ASR can be appraised on commertial farms through the function: y = 1,000 – 6.7 LI, where, y is grain yield normalized to 1,000 kg/ha and LI is leaflet incidence (Danelli et al, 2015)
Summary
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing area in Brazil, has increased season-after-season, reaching in 2018/19 35.8 milion hectares (CONAB, 2019). Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi 1914), was first reported in March 2001/02 season in Paraguay and in May in Brazil (Yorinori et al, 2001) 18 years ago, beeing since than the major crop disease with the highest damage. The decision making for disease control with fungicides is based on its amount (Danelli et al, 2015) and on the caused damage, sensu Nutter et al (1993). The damage caused by ASR can be appraised on commertial farms through the function: y = 1,000 – 6.7 LI, where, y is grain yield normalized to 1,000 kg/ha and LI is leaflet incidence (Danelli et al, 2015)
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