Abstract
Simple SummaryInterest in Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) arises from the fact that it grows on the crude glycerol fraction derived from the production of diesel oil, so that it constitutes a link between biofuel by-products and animal feed. Studies have already been conducted on the use of Yarrowia lipolytica as a factor affecting the gut microbiota and fattening efficiency of turkeys, and the results have been promising. However, it has not been clarified whether Yarrowia lipolytica yeast can improve the availability of minerals as well as metabolic processes associated with redox reactions like Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC). The research shows that, Yarrowia lipolytica yeast stimulates more effectively antioxidant processes than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and also improves the absorption of minerals. Therefore, it may be a more effective additive than the widely used Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in turkey feed. In addition, the experiment confirmed that the antioxidant effect of fodder yeast (especially Yarrowia lipolytica) can be enhanced by combining it with a probiotic bacteria. Hence, the combined use of yeast with a Bacillus species can be recommended in cases of the stimulation of oxidative reactions (e.g., stress or infection).The probiotic-prebiotic properties and chemical composition of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast (YL), predisposes it for use as a turkey feed additive. The aim of the study was to determine whether YL in the diet of turkeys would exert more beneficial effect by stimulating antioxidant reactions and increasing mineral availability than Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC). An additional aim of the study was to test whether the addition of a probiotic bacteria to feed containing Yarrowia lipolytica or Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast would enhance their effect. The study was conducted on turkeys from seven to 112 days of age to determine the effects of a 3% addition of YL to the diet, as an alternative to the standard SC. It was analysed whether the use of a probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis) together with yeast would be more effective. Both the yeast (YL or SC) and the probiotic stimulated antioxidant mechanisms (increased CAT; reduced MDA), but the addition of SC was less effective. The inclusion of YL in the feed increased the plasma content of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Fe in the blood turkeys and lowered the content of cholesterol and triacylglycerols. The combined use of yeast (YL or SC) with a probiotic enhances the antioxidant effect while inhibiting of lipid peroxidation. The combined use of yeast with a probiotic can be recommended in cases of stimulation of oxidative reactions (e.g., stress or infection)
Highlights
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is a yeast species widely used in poultry production as a natural growth stimulant and a source of complete protein [1]
Interest in Yarrowia lipolytica arises from the fact that it grows on the crude glycerol fraction derived from the production of diesel oil [4], so that it constitutes a link between biofuel by-products and animal feed [5]
A significant increase in TP, UA, UREA, and CRET content, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CAT activity, FRAP value, and vitamin C content was observed in the plasma of turkeys receiving feed with Yarrowia lipolytica yeast relative to the groups without yeast
Summary
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is a yeast species widely used in poultry production as a natural growth stimulant and a source of complete protein [1]. Research has been conducted on the use of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast (YL) in feed for poultry as an alternative to the commonly used Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies have already been conducted on the use of Yarrowia lipolytica as a factor affecting the gut microbiota and fattening efficiency [8,9,10], and the results have been promising. It has not been clarified whether Yarrowia lipolytica yeast, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can improve the availability of minerals as well as metabolic processes associated with redox reactions
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