Abstract
Traffic accidents are terrible scourge that occur in many countries, specially for developing countries where transportation affairs like tangled yarn. Besides functioning as an engine compartment cover, the hood of modern compact SUV can also help to manage the impact energy of a pedestrian’s head in a vehicle-pedestrian impact. This paper presents outer hood design of Esemka R2 that has a potential to improve hood’s ability and also to absorb the impact energy of a pedestrian’s head. The developed method for the design of an outer hood configuration aims to provide a robust design and homogeneous of Head Injury Criterion (HIC) for impact position at WAD 1000 and three different thicknesses (1.25 mm, 1.35 mm & 1.50 mm) of outer hood panel of Esemka R2 compact SUV, taking into consideration the limited space available for deformation. The non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software (Explicit Dynamics) was used in this research to simulate the testing procedurs of head impact for child pedestrian. The results show that the average of comparison dimensional of outer hood panel of Esemka R2 was 4.89 mm. The minimum of deformation space meet the requirement for HIC value which required obtaining robust and homogeneous head impact performance. Outer hood thickness and materials were identified as the factors to influence the stress and HIC value of the hood. By comparing all outer hood panels, aluminium alloy as the best selected material which has the lowest value is 32.78% for the pedestrian protection.
Highlights
The latest data released by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that India ranks first country with the highest number of deaths caused by traffic accidents, while Indonesia was reported to have an increase in the number of traffic accidents by more than 80 percents, where the death toll from traffic accidents reached 120 people per day [1]
This study focuses only on child pedestrian head impact to the outer hood panel and do not include inner hood, upper or lower leg impacts defined in these protocols
The results show that the average of comparison dimensional of outer hood panel of Esemka R2 was 4.89 mm
Summary
The latest data released by the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that India ranks first country with the highest number of deaths caused by traffic accidents, while Indonesia was reported to have an increase in the number of traffic accidents by more than 80 percents, where the death toll from traffic accidents reached 120 people per day [1]. Several previous researchers [2]–[6] proposed improvements of hood panel based on pedestrian head protection which hood designs and materials created in finite element model. The development and validation of numerical child headform impactors based on ANCAP standards are discussed This impactor was used for head to hood impact analysis. The research aims to comparison of outer hood design of Esemka R2 between photo and using manual Coordinate Measuring Machine, in addition, an implicit finite element code was developed to perform analysis for comparing the deformation, equivalent stress and HIC of three different materials. ANCAP (Figure1.) provides measures for the assessment of pedestrian protection performance of a passenger car experimentally by firing subsystem impactors representing a child head, adult head, upper leg and lower leg at a specified angle and speed to the front end of a stationary vehicle. HIC is calculated according to equation [10]:
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