Red Mite Infestation in Poultry: Morphology, Control and Prevention

Abstract

Despite being an ectoparasite of birds, Dermanyssus gallinae (D. gallinae) has no specific host range. Without a natural host, the mite can feed on mammals, including humans, due to its lack of specificity. As a result of red mite infestations, poultry industry economies have been negatively affected, egg production has declined, and chickens’ welfare has been compromised. Several in vitro studies have demonstratedthe effectiveness of diesel, petroleum, mineral, and plant oils (orange and rapeseed) in controlling poultry red mites. It is possible to develop vaccines against arthropods; however, this process takes a long time because of the complexity of the process and the possibility of inducing stronger and long-lasting immune responses in the host. This review paper aimed to comprehensively understand the morphology, the factorscontributing to red mite infestation, and the life cycle. It also provided an overview of various methods for preventing and controlling the infestation of red mites in poultry farming, including several chemical and non-chemical approaches that can be used. Chemical interventions, such as acaricides, exhibit immediate efficacy in red mite control, but their long-term sustainability and potential resistance development aresignificant concerns. Non-chemical methods, including enhanced biosecurity measures and natural predators, demonstrate promise in reducing red mite populations, offering environmentally friendly alternatives with potential long-term benefits. In order to minimize the negative impact of red mites on poultry flocks, poultry producers must understand the biology of these parasites and implement effectivemanagement strategies.