Red dwarfs as sources of cosmic rays and detection of TeV gamma-rays from these stars

Abstract

A modern paradigm on the sources of galactic cosmic rays includes supernovae and supernova remnants as the powerful ones to accelerate particles up to ∼1017 eV. Meanwhile, the recent experimental data obtained by PAMELA, AMS-02, Fermi-LAT, CALET, and DAMPE require the existence of other cosmic-ray sources located nearby the solar system, at the distances less than 1 kpc. Presence of such local sources could explain the unexpected rise of the positron fraction in cosmic rays, the observed electron fluxes with the energies more than one TeV, complex shapes of the proton and helium spectra, and anomalous low-energy cosmic rays. Here we consider active dwarf stars as possible sources of Galactic cosmic rays in the energy range up to 1014 eV. These stars are producing powerful stellar flares sometimes with energy release more than 1036 erg. Meanwhile, the generation of high-energy cosmic rays should be accompanied by the high-energy γ-ray emission, which may be observed. Here we present the results of the SHALON long-term observations of generation of γ-ray emission above 800 GeV from the active red dwarf stars.