Abstract
This study investigated the properties and sustainability of cement-bonded composites containing industrial residues such as wood chips, tyre fibres and biomass combustion residues, i.e. bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA). The effect of cement-to-raw material (wood/tyre fibre) ratio (C/RM) and the aggregate content (BA and FA) on thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and life cycle analysis (LCA) were also conducted. The results revealed that as the aggregate content increased in wood composites, the mechanical properties also increased. The mean thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of tyre composite samples were 0.37 W/mK and 1.2 MJ/m3K respectively, while the respective values for wood composite samples were 0.29 W/mK and 0.81 MJ/m3K. SEM analysis showed adequate bonding between wood/tyre fibres and cement matrix. LCA revealed that the materials share of the total primary energy use was about 60% for all analysed composites.
Highlights
This study investigated the properties and sustainability of cement-bonded composites containing industrial residues such as wood chips, tyre fibres and biomass combustion residues, i.e. bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA)
This study investigated the effect of wood residues and tyre fibres on the properties of cement composites, partially filled with biomass BA and FA
Statistical analysis revealed that the cement-to-raw material (wood/tyre fibre) ratio (C/RM) ratio and aggregate content had significant effects on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of rupture (MOR) when BA was used in the composites
Summary
Wood residues (density, 144.67 kg/m3) in the form of chips were collected from a sawmill in Southern Sweden Tyre fibres (density, 126.48 kg/m3) were obtained as fluff residues of tyre recycling from Ragn-Sells Heljestorp AB, Vänersborg, Sweden and were screened to remove over-sized crumb rubber particles. The wood chips and tyre fibres were used as reinforcement materials, whilst the ashes were used as aggregates in the cement. The CEM II, aggregates, and wood residues or tyre fibres were homogenously mixed with pre-determined amount of water for about 5 min in a mechanical mixer (Hobart HSM 30-F3E, Peterborough, UK). The cement-to-raw material (wood/tyre fibre) ratio (C/RM ratios at 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1, w/w), aggregate content (10, 20 and 30% of cement) and water-to-cement ratio (W/C ratios at 0.55, 0.6 and 0.65, w/w) were evaluated in terms of flexural and thermal properties. A control sample without aggregates was produced for each C/RM ratio
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