Recreational cannabis consumption: a public health perspective

Abstract

Abstract Introduction The misuse of psychoactive drugs is an important public health problem. It's estimated that there are between 120-224 million users worldwide. In 2001, Portugal started the legal process to decriminalize the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Objectives To analyze the recreational use of cannabis from a Public Health perspective, to summarize the adverse health effects, to describe the situation in countries where it's legal, and to assess the impacts of its legalization. Methods A literature review was carried out using the main databases of scientific articles. Additionally, legal documentation, institutional reports, journalistic pieces, interviews and books were also consulted. Results Individual possible effects of punctual used found were: Temporary feeling of euphoria and relaxation; Distortion of perception; Changes in short-term memory and concentration; Altered motor coordination; Paranoia and psychosis. Effects of regular consumption or products with a high THC content: Dependency; Changes in brain development; Cognitive impairment; Decreased life satisfaction and personal fulfilment; Depression. Population level effects described were: increased number of consumers, increased risk of dangerous driving and accidents; decreased suicide rate and death from opioid overdose, decline in black market and in criminality near trading posts. The legalization of consumption in certain countries has allowed us to realize that the price, the quantity of product and the definition of sales locations are relevant topics for the successful implementation of policies in this area. Conclusions As the cannabis legalization policy is changed, it is expected the consumption will increase. An investment in prevention campaigns and increase in health literacy should begin before this change focusing particularly on younger people and drivers. This way, the negative health and social effect that can arise from this change will be minimized. Key messages Campaigns to prevent cannabis use must begin before legalization. Campaigns to prevent cannabis use should target teenagers and young people and drivers.