RECREATION SETTLEMENTS: MAIN FACTORS AND APPROACHES TO FORMATION

Abstract

The modern and domestic experience of formation of recreational settlements in rural areas are generalized, the main factors contributing to the transformation of rural settlements into recreational settlements are identified, the uses of the types of use of rural territory in the arrangement of settlements for recreation are identified. The modern approaches to renovation and improvement of the functional and planning structure of the existing settlements territories are presented. The experience of renovation of rural territories, transformation of existing agrarian settlements into recreational ones and elaboration of approaches to the improvement of their functional and planning structure and design solutions are generalized. It is advisable to dwell on the definition of the term - recreational settlement. At the end of XX century, the following terms existed: suburban settlements, no analogues were found in foreign literature, but instead were settlements for recreation. We propose to use a more generalized term recreational settlement: a settlement whose main area of the business is recreation and tourism. In the course of our research we have identified the following types: 1.1. the settlement of tourism and recreation; 1.2. summer residence; 1.3. sports and health resort; 1.4. a cottage settlement with a fitness center; 1.5. а сottage settlement with a family-run guest house. In our opinion, the following main factors influence the formation of a recreational function, both in multifunctional settlements and in general, the transformation of settlements into recreational ones, or the creation of new recreational settlements: the population of the settlement; historical and cultural conditions; recreational resources available; free housing; seasonal housing stock; lack of significant livestock production; natural features of the area; dynamics of humanity; availability of free land stock. These characteristics, the presence of which leads to the formation of recreational settlements, can be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively and, accordingly, to propose proposals for improving the functional and planning structure of existing settlements.