Abstract
Reflux extraction was used to prepare crude extract from the leaves of Labisia pumila var. Alata using 60% methanol. The crude extract was subsequently fractionated by C18 solid phase extraction to recover high yield of rutin using 20-100% methanol. The volume of eluent to recover rutin was found to decrease with the increase of methanol concentration. The recovery of rutin was increased from 20 to 80% methanol system, but slightly decreased in the 100% methanol system. Approximately, 70% of rutin could be recovered using the 80% methanol system. This solvent system also appears to have the lowest distance (9.44 MPa1/2) for rutin as estimated by Hansen solubility. The recovered rutin rich fraction could achieve up to 3.96 mg/g of fraction which was about 4-fold increment from the crude extract. The increment was also noticed for its antioxidant capacity expressed as scavenging activity which was 2 times higher than crude extract. A portion of water (20%) in the 80% methanol system is important to improve the yield of rutin. Rutin is a glycosylated flavonol, and therefore a small portion of water could enhance its elution compared to the lower performance of 100% methanol in rutin recovery.
Highlights
Rutin (3',4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-rutinoside) is one of the attractive plant-based glycosylated flavonoids because of its remarkable pharmacological activities.[1]
Since methanol is more polar than ethanol, methanol is likely to be better in penetrating plant cellular membranes than ethanol for phytochemical extraction.[25]
The results showed that inhibitory activity at 50% (IC50) for standard rutin and ascorbic acid was 122 and 84 ppm, respectively
Summary
Rutin (3',4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-rutinoside) is one of the attractive plant-based glycosylated flavonoids because of its remarkable pharmacological activities.[1] This glycoside consists of its aglycone, quercetin and two sugar moieties; glucose and rhamnose. Quercetin usually coexists with rutin in plants. Quercetin can be found in intestine after rutin has been hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal microflora.[2] They are excellent sources of pharmaceutical products for phytotherapy nowadays.[3] The medical benefits of rutin can be seen from its wide application in more than 130 therapeutic formulations worldwide.[4,5,6] Mostly, the formulations are prepared as health supplement and herbal remedy for anti-inflammatory symptoms. The demand for natural rutin is on the increase, in line with the increase of scientific evidence on the beneficial effects of rutin
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