Abstract
Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters, and log P value are widely used to determine the solubility of polymers in solvents. The models were used to explain the recovery of phytochemical, rosmarinic acid from Orthosiphon aristatus extract in C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) using the eluent consisting of ethyl acetate and chloroform in the decreasing polarity of solvent system. The experimental recovery of rosmarinic acid appeared to be well explained by the Hansen solubility model. The small difference in the Hansen solubility parameters, particularly for dispersion and hydrogen bonding forces, results in a higher polar solvent system for high rosmarinic acid recovery. The results found that the Hansen solubility model fitted well to the recovery of rosmarinic acid from crude extract with high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.8), low standard error (4.4%), and p < 0.05. Hildebrand solubility is likely to be the second fit model, whereas log P has poor R2 < 0.7 and higher standard error (7.3%). The Hansen solubility model describes the interaction of solute–solvent in three dimensions (dispersion, polar, and hydrogen bonding forces) which can accurately explain the recovery of rosmarinic acid. Therefore, Hansen solubility can be used to predict the recovery of rosmarinic acid from O. aristatus extract using SPE.
Highlights
Herbal extract is a very complex mixture of compounds including plant secondary metabolites, which are known as phytochemicals
Based on the theoretical estimation, the solvent system with a higher percentage of ethyl acetate will have a stronger interaction with rosmarinic acid and a smaller difference in the solubility
The Hansen solubility model contributes a small difference in solubility in a more polar solvent system, which recovered higher rosmarinic acid concentration
Summary
Herbal extract is a very complex mixture of compounds including plant secondary metabolites, which are known as phytochemicals. The separation of phytochemicals, usually the bioactive marker compound from herbal extract, is a challenge for the herbal processing industry. This marker-enriched plant extract is widely used as a bioactive ingredient for further product formulation, for cosmeceutical and nutraceutical product development. SPE is a simple and efficient method for the preparation of target compound-enriched plant extract [1]. The performance of SPE is highly dependent on the selection of sorbent and eluent system that lead to the high recovery of the target compound. There is no specific guideline on the selection of sorbent and eluent in relation to the physiochemical property of the target compound
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