Abstract
Removal and recovery of platinum (Pt) from platinum-contaminated wastestreams is beneficial to tackle the increasing supply risk and prevent adverse environmental impacts. Reduction soluble Pt (IV) to Pt nanoparticles using biological method is a plausible approach. However, current studies mainly focus on pure bacterial cultures to reduce Pt (IV). This study evaluates Pt (IV) removal via bioreduction by anaerobic granular sludge with the addition of exogenous electron donors and elucidates underlying mechanisms. Results show that formate and ethanol exhibited significant effects of Pt (IV) reduction, while acetate, lactate and pyruvate showed limited effects. The reduced products Pt nanoparticles were deposited on bacterial cell surface and periplasm. Moreover, Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant bacteria during the Pt (IV) reduction process. Pt (IV) reduction was mainly mediated by enzymatic processes. Overall, these findings deepen understanding of Pt (IV) bioreduction by anaerobic mixed consortium.
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