Recovery of planktonic invertebrate communities in restored and created tidal marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract

A significant amount of tidal marsh restoration has occurred over the past two decades. However, restored marshes often fail to recover biological structure and ecosystem functions comparable to reference marshes. We implemented a 13-site inventory to evaluate the recovery of zooplankton and meroplankton abundance and community composition along the Mississippi and Alabama Gulf coasts. Understanding the recovery of zooplankton and meroplankton communities in restored marshes is critical, as many planktonic invertebrate species contribute to nutrient cycling and food web dynamics. We found that zooplankton and meroplankton communities in restored tidal marshes were comparable in total abundance, taxonomic richness, and taxonomic composition to communities observed in reference tidal marshes — with composition being driven mainly by surface water salinity. But zooplankton and meroplankton communities in restored marshes did have lower evenness and diversity than comparable reference marshes. These results suggest that zooplankton and meroplankton communities in restored marshes along the Mississippi and Alabama Gulf coast tend to recover after 7–34 years and support robust populations of prey items for larger, ecologically and economically-important species (e.g., fishes).