Reconstruction of the Threshold Setting for Regional Head Candidacy in the Perspective of Electoral Democracy in Indonesia

Abstract

This study explores the reconstruction of threshold regulations for regional head candidacy within the framework of Indonesia’s democratic electoral system. The threshold regulation, requiring political parties or coalitions to meet specific parliamentary support levels for candidate nomination, has been a critical yet controversial component of Indonesia’s Pilkada process. While initially designed to ensure political stability and legitimacy, this policy has faced criticism for marginalizing independent candidates and smaller parties, undermining the principles of inclusivity and proportional representation. Grounded in the Constitutional Court Decision No. 60/PUU-XXII/2024, this research analyzes the implications of threshold policies and their alignment with democratic principles such as justice, equality, and broad-based participation. The decision emphasizes reducing the threshold percentage and simplifying the requirements for independent candidates, aiming to enhance electoral inclusivity and prevent political monopolies by dominant parties. The study highlights the importance of a nuanced policy design that accommodates regional sociopolitical diversity, promoting equitable competition while safeguarding electoral justice. Additionally, it proposes strategies to encourage coalition-building among smaller political parties and amplify opportunities for independent candidates, thereby enriching democratic representation. This reconstruction is anticipated to address long-standing criticisms of the threshold system, fostering a more inclusive and transparent electoral process. By aligning with democratic ideals, these reforms aspire to improve the quality of governance and enhance citizens’ trust in the democratic process at the regional level. The findings contribute to broader discussions on policy reform in electoral systems to balance stability, fairness, and inclusivity.