Abstract
Magneto-electric (ME) dipole antennas, with the function of changing the antenna characteristics, such as frequency, polarization, or radiation patterns, are reviewed in this paper. The reconfigurability is achieved by electrically altering the states of diodes or varactors to change the surface currents distributions or reflector size of the antenna. The purpose of the designs is to obtain agile antenna characteristics together with good directive radiation performances, such as low cross-polarization level, high front-to-back ratio, and stable gain. By reconfiguring the antenna capability to support more than one wireless frequency standard, switchable polarizations, or cover tunable areas, the reconfigurable ME dipole antennas are able to switch functionality as the mission changes. Therefore, it can help increase the communication efficiency and reduce the construction cost. This shows very attractive features in base station antennas of modern wireless communication applications.
Highlights
Owing to the tremendous evolution of wireless communications, the electromagnetic frequency spectrum is more and more crowded and the communication environment is more and more complex
The design can work in one wideband mode for sensing and four reconfigurable narrowband modes for communications, which is attractive for base stations in cognitive radio
A frequency reconfigurable design has been first reviewed, showing a wideband mode for sensing and reconfigurable narrowband modes for communications, which is attractive for base stations in cognitive radio
Summary
Owing to the tremendous evolution of wireless communications, the electromagnetic frequency spectrum is more and more crowded and the communication environment is more and more complex. In 5G mobile communications, millimeter-wave bands will be used to increase the frequency bandwidth; multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas will be applied to increase the network density. Antennas with the function to dynamically change their operating frequency, polarization, or radiation patterns are needed to improve the channel capacity in communication systems. Along with the development of wireless communications, antennas with wider bandwidth and good direction radiation patterns are required. When combining the ME dipole with reconfiguration technique, consequent reconfigurable ME dipole antennas can be developed for base stations in modern wireless systems. These designs show attractive features for modern wireless communication systems
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