Recommendations and challenges for the regulations of ghost fishing gears

Abstract

ABSTRACT Approximately 80% of goods are transported by shipping all over the world. Shipping plays an indispensable role in international transportation, as it is the most effective method. However, marine pollution from ships, such as accidental or operational discharge, is a recognised contributor to the worsening marine environment and ecosystem. It is known that approximately 27% of plastic pollution originates from marine-based sources. Shipping is a major contributor to marine plastics through fishing gear and container losses as well as recreational boating and passenger ships, among others. Given the statistics, this study proposes future regulatory recommendations for mitigating marine plastic pollution from ships. The uniqueness of this research lies in its emphasis on regulatory analysis specific to ship-source plastic pollution, which differs from the usual focus on land-based origins. Ultimately, the study seeks to heighten public awareness regarding the urgency of implementing regulatory measures. The research suggests the strengthening of enforcement regime over vessels, advocating for revisions to Annex V of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, and enhancing collaboration between the IMO and the FAO.