Recognizing and treating heat-related illnesses

Abstract

Background: The increasing frequency of endurance sports events and the associated risk of heat-related illnesses underscore the importance of effective recognition and treatment techniques for emergency medical services (EMS). High-profile incidents involving heat stress, such as those observed in Olympic and Ironman competitions, highlight the need for comprehensive strategies to manage exertional heat illnesses. Aim: This article aims to review current techniques and approaches for recognizing and treating heat-related illnesses via pharmacists, focusing on the implications for EMS during endurance sports events. Methods: A review of historical and recent cases of heat-related illnesses in endurance sports was conducted. This includes analyzing the physiological mechanisms of heat stress, examining the pathophysiology of heat-related injuries, and evaluating current medical guidelines and intervention strategies. Data were gathered from sports medicine literature, international sporting regulations, and recent research studies. Results: The review reveals that effective management of heat-related illnesses requires early recognition of symptoms, understanding the pathophysiology of heat stress, and implementing preventive measures. Key interventions include monitoring environmental conditions using wet globe bulb temperature (WGBT) indices, enforcing temperature limits in event planning, and improving athlete acclimatization and hydration strategies. The effectiveness of these measures varies depending on individual athlete responses and environmental conditions.