Recognition Difference of Local Residents and National Park Managers on National Park Adjustment: A Case of 37 Cancellation Areas

Roslinda E. 2018. Social capital of the community in the management of Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1249-1257. Many studies on the management of National Park have been conducted in various countries. This research highlights the management of Danau Sentarum National Park which is administratively located in West Kalimantan Province precisely in Kapuas Hulu District, from the view of social capital. The research method was surveyed using a quantitative approach. Social capital of the community in the area of Danau Sentarum National Park is still high/strong. Based on this fact, the management of the National Park that has been conducted by the government alone can collaborate with the management by community and collaborative management that pays a good attention to the minimum resistance and maximum synergy.

Today, the world faces increasing challenges related to climate change, environmental pollution, and biodiversity loss. The development of national parks, which are crucial for preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems, is significant in the context of these global challenges. The article aims to study the peculiarities of environmental and economic aspects of the development of the territories of national nature parks. The article establishes that national nature parks are the main areas for the conservation of flora and fauna. Therefore, developing strategies to preserve these unique ecosystems is essential while ensuring sustainable development and taking responsibility for biodiversity conservation. The article emphasizes that the development of territories should consider the needs of the local population while not harming the natural environment, i.e., forests, water resources, and other natural resources should be used reasonably. Ecotourism is an essential component of the functioning and development of national nature parks, as it can be a way to support local economies without harming nature. Ecotourism can include excursions, wildlife watching, hiking, and biking trails, etc. Efficient management and development of national parks require appropriate legislation and regulatory policies. This includes laws governing the use of natural resources, prohibitions on illegal activities such as poaching or illegal logging, and mechanisms to monitor compliance with these laws. The article proves that educational and scientific programs are essential to developing national parks since national parks can be used as sites for scientific research and educational programs. This helps to raise awareness of the importance of nature conservation and can boost the development of the local economy through research and educational initiatives. The development of the territories of national nature parks requires investment and funding. It is crucial to raise funds from the government, the private sector, and international donors to ensure the sustainable development of these territories. The article specifies that local communities should be actively involved in the planning and managing of national parks. Keywords: environmental and economic foundations, territories, communities, recreation, national nature parks, sustainable development, environment, management activities.

As ten years have passed since national parks were adjusted and released inceptively, it is the time for evaluating the effectiveness of the national park policy and improving it on the basis of the evaluation result. In this study, the method of appraising the environmental and socio-economical ripple effect on the implementation of national park regulation were provided, based on the institutional consideration, the environment analysis, the survey of residents consciousness, the statistical analysis and so on. It is applied to target sites where were released from national parks, and the policy direction was suggested for sustainable use and management of national parks. National parks, that exhibit various characteristics depending on geographical and local conditions, were categorized through the statistical approach. Released sites from Seoraksan National park, where was categorized as the core national park for sustainable use and management, were evaluated environmentally based on the time-series analysis of environmental thematic maps and socio-economically based on the survey on residents perceptions. As a result of this study, the environmental effect of released sites has been declined or threatened, and the residents' economic, social and living condition in these areas are still not improved(p<0.05) since the adjustment of national parks. Based on the policy approach reflecting regional characteristics, natural resources are kept and enhanced for the sustainable use and management of national parks. And a consensus on the national park policy of national park should be developed between local residents and voluntary participation and public awareness should be attracted from them, based on the construction and the supplement of the infrastructure.

Local residents’ satisfaction plays a crucial role in the successful management of national parks. However, limited attention has been paid to residents’ preferences in the management of national parks, which hinders the sustainable development and optimization of management systems. To address this gap, we focused on the Dongning area of Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTLNP) as a case study and employed the importance–performance analysis (IPA) framework to assess residents’ perceptions and cognitive rankings of current ecosystem services. Additionally, we examined how demographic and socio-economic factors influence these perceptions. Our findings reveal that local residents prioritize ecosystem services that directly impact their livelihoods and that their material, social, spiritual, and cultural needs are not fully met. Satisfaction and importance ratings varied across regions, with significant influences occurring from the residents’ sex, occupations, and livelihoods. Based on these results, we recommend strengthening the institutional framework for national park management and enhancing the scientific effectiveness of management policies by incorporating residents’ perspectives into decision-making processes.

Understanding the activities and preferences of visitors is crucial for managing protected areas and planning conservation strategies. Conservation culturomics promotes the use of user-generated online content in conservation science. Geotagged social media content is a unique source of in situ information on human presence and activities in nature. Photographs posted on social media platforms are a promising source of information, but analyzing large volumes of photographs manually remains laborious. We examined the application of state-of-the-art computer-vision methods to studying human-nature interactions. We used semantic clustering, scene classification, and object detection to automatically analyze photographs taken in Finnish national parks by domestic and international visitors. Our results showed that human-nature interactions can be extracted from user-generated photographs with computer vision. The different methods complemented each other by revealing broad visual themes related to level of the data set, landscape photogeneity, and human activities. Geotagged photographs revealed distinct regional profiles for national parks (e.g., preferences in landscapes and activities), which are potentially useful in park management. Photographic content differed between domestic and international visitors, which indicates differences in activities and preferences. Information extracted automatically from photographs can help identify preferences among diverse visitor groups, which can be used to create profiles of national parks for conservation marketing and to support conservation strategies that rely on public acceptance. The application of computer-vision methods to automatic content analysis of photographs should be explored further in conservation culturomics, particularly in combination with rich metadata available on social media platforms.

This paper aimed to present a model of natural environment management in national parks in Poland in the context of increased tourist traffic. The research area comprised Polish national parks as they are characterized by barely altered nature, little human impact, and undisturbed natural phenomena. The methods involved the observational method, literature analysis and criticism, and the in-depth interview method employed in November 2019. The respondents included national park management staff. The questions were prepared in accordance with the Berlin Declaration principles of sustainable tourism development and were extended with the authors’ own items. The questionnaire contained 17 questions, grouped in four parts: science and documentation; tourism; cooperation and education; environmental threats. The results indicate that in order for actions to prove efficient in a park, a conservation plan should be carefully developed. Its correctness requires monitoring the state of the environment, tourist traffic size and trends, and tourists’ impact on the environment. An important condition for effective tourism management in parks is to increase the competences of the administering bodies and knowledge regarding individuals’ responsibilities. Boards should be able to evaluate and modify conservation plans, spatial development plans, municipality development strategies, and projects for investments within the parks.

Management of German national parks: The role of institutions and actors in defining goals and making decisions

Elephant management in East African reserves and national parks has become one of the urgent conservation problems of today. In this study of the African savanna elephant, Dr Sikes shows that two diseases of the heart and arteries, found only in lowland elephants, were directly associated with the degeneration of the habitat when elephant numbers began to build up in the Tsavo National Park in Kenya and the Queen Elizabeth and Murchison Falls National Parks in Uganda. The two diseases thus appear to be natural factors tending to limit the elephant populations in these reserves, and she suggests four lessons to be drawn from this discovery by those concerned with elephant management in national parks.

The broad purpose of user capacity management in national parks is to identify the types and amounts of use that can be accommodated in a park, while desired resource and experiential conditions are maintained. Traffic management and transportation planning in national parks are increasingly recognized as inextricably linked with user capacity management. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to integrate transportation and user capacity management in Yosemite National Park. The study consisted of three primary components. First, survey research was used to identify visitor-based standards of quality for crowding in Yosemite Valley. Second, regression modeling was used to estimate statistical relationships between inbound vehicle traffic at park entrance stations and visitor use levels at recreation sites in Yosemite Valley. Third, regression model estimates of visitor use at recreation sites in Yosemite Valley were simulated with computer models to estimate the extent of crowding that occurs in the valley as a result of different levels of inbound vehicle traffic at park entrance stations. Simulation results were compared with visitor-based standards to characterize the quality of visitor experiences in Yosemite Valley associated with different volumes of vehicle traffic entering the park. Thus, the results of this study provide an empirical basis for managing vehicle traffic entering the park in a manner that maintains the quality of visitors’ experiences in Yosemite Valley. Further, the approach developed in this study can be adapted to other National Park System units to support integrated transportation planning and user capacity management systemwide.

Ungulate management in European national parks: Why a more integrated European policy is needed

Disentangling the influence of the economic development discourse on the management of national parks through systems thinking: Case studies from the Philippines and Mozambique

The importance of natural disturbances for biodiversity is well-documented in the disturbance ecology literature. Natural disturbances such as fire, wind, and flooding strongly influence ecosystems by creating short and long-term ecological processes. Conservation management of protected areas should consider the importance of natural disturbances since natural shifts in ecosystems are, in a long-term perspective, necessary to maintain high biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to explore how and if natural disturbances are incorporated in the management of Swedish national parks and to identify possible examples of barriers for this incorporation. The design of the study is a multiple comparative case study based on a document study and completed with qualitative interviews. The cases consist of propositions and management plans for 15 Swedish national parks established between 1962 and 2018. The document analysis generated four main categories: historic/future and positive/negative perceptions of natural disturbances. The results indicate that there are positive perceptions concerning the inclusion of disturbance ecology in the management of national parks. However, there are also obstacles and challenges around natural disturbances within Swedish national parks. These obstacles are, in some cases, explained by practical implications such as the closeness to surrounding societies and in others explained by paradoxes such as visitors’ perceptions of national parks and the wilderness.

This paper explores the significance of providing motivational incentives to local communities to attract effective management of the Udzungwa Mountain National Park (UMDP) in Kilombero district. It also examines the benefits accrued by local people from the UMDNP, explores factors motivating people to manage the UMNP, and determines challenges encountered in the management of the park. The article employs data from a study that was carried out in Msosa, Msolwa, Mkula and Ruipa villages; where a total of 233 heads of households and 7 tour guides were interviewed. The data generation process was complemented by focus group discussions and observations. The results show that active involvement of the heads of households in the management of the park was driven by benefits accrued from it. The results further suggested that local communities that live adjacent to the park are aware of the importance and role of such motivation. It is further uncovered that proper management may potentially reduce deforestation and degradation of the park. The analyst of this paper is guided by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The paper recommends the need for promoting the provision of motivational incentives as a useful strategy for attracting active community participation in the management of national parks.

Creating nature reserves and objects is an effective way of preserving rare and endangered species of plants and animals and natural complexes that can serve as benchmarks of natural ecosystems for science and practice. Objects of the natural reserve fund, such as national natural parks and nature reserves, are essential elements of the ecological framework of the country, and the issue of effective management of such territories is relevant, especially given the ratification of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. The article aims to substantiate the optimal strategies and recommendations for the effective management of national natural parks in Ukraine to ensure their nature protection, research, and educational mission, as well as to promote the development of tourism and improve the population's quality of life. During the analysis of the management of the territories of national natural parks, it was established that it does not meet the requirements of modernity due to an inefficient system of state management, violations of environmental protection legislation, insufficient financing of measures to preserve the nature reserve fund, biological and landscape diversity, weak implementation of recreational potential. It was determined that the main problems are the need for actual management plans, land management projects regarding the organization, and establishing boundaries of the territories of the nature reserve fund for national natural parks that are practically underdeveloped. In connection with this, a large part of the parks needs to have established boundaries. In the structure of the area of the national natural parks of Ukraine, economic zones prevail (on average 60-90% of the park area), while the average value of the area of the protected zone, as a rule, does not exceed 20%. It was established that practical management activities depend significantly on the awareness of the importance of national natural parks for the country's nature protection system. Therefore, the reform of the management of nature protection territories implemented by the government of Ukraine to preserve landscape and biological diversity is timely. Based on this, during the research, it was established that the main aspects of effective management of the territories of national natural parks in modern conditions should be legal establishment of park status, development, and implementation of a management plan, drawing up a nature protection strategy with the identification of critical areas, recreation, and education, scientific research, provision financing, cooperation and communication, monitoring, and evaluation. The main goal of ensuring effective management of national natural parks is to preserve nature and ensure access for people with minimal impact on nature. Such management should be implemented through developing and implementing strategies and development plans that consider the preservation of natural resources and the needs of society in recreation, public opinion, protection from natural and anthropogenic threats, and international standards. Keywords: nature reserve fund; land protection, national natural parks, sustainable development, natural resources, management activities.

Our national parks are more than mere recreational destinations. They are repositories of the nation's biological diversity and contain some of the last ecosystem remnants needed as standards to set reasonable goals for sustainable development throughout the land. Nevertheless, public pressure for recreation has largely precluded adequate research and resource monitoring in national and ignorance of ecosystem structure and function in parks has led to costly mistakes--such as predator control and fire suppression--that continue to threaten parks today. This volume demonstrates the value of ecological knowledge in protecting parks and shows how modest investments in knowledge of park ecosystems can pay handsome dividends. Science and Ecosystem Management in the National Parks presents twelve case studies of long-term research conducted in and around national parks that address major natural resource issues. These cases demonstrate how the use of longer time scales strongly influence our understanding of ecosystems and how interpretations of short-term patterns in nature often change when viewed in the context of long-term data sets. Most importantly, they show conclusively that scientific research significantly reduces uncertainty and improves resource management decisions. Chosen by scientists and senior park managers, the cases offer a broad range of topics, including: air quality at Grand Canyon; interaction between moose and wolf populations on Isle Royale; control of exotic species in Hawaiian parks; simulation of natural fire in the parks of the Sierra Nevada; and the impact of urban expansion on Saguaro National Monument. Because national parks are increasingly beset with conflicting views of their management, the need for knowledge of park ecosystems becomes even more critical--not only for the parks themselves, but for what they can tell us about survival in the rest of our This book demonstrates to policymakers and managers that decisions based on knowledge of ecosystems are more enduring and cost effective than decisions derived from uninformed consensus. It also provides scientists with models for designing research to meet threats to our most precious natural resources. If we can learn to save the parks, observe Halvorson and Davis, perhaps we can learn to save the world. Contents- I. Introduction-1. Natural Resources Management in U.S. National Parks: Evolving from Belief to Science-2. Management in National Parks: from Scenery to Science- II. Long-term Versus Short-term Views-3. Fire Research and Management in the Sierra Nevada National Parks-4. Yellowstone Lake and Its Cutthroat Trout-5. Moose and Wolf Populations on Isle Royale National Park-6. Saguaro Cactus Dynamics-7. Alien Species in Hawaiian National Parks- III. No Park Is an Island-8. Water Rights and Devil's Hole Pupfish at Death Valley National Monument-9. Urban Encroachment at Saguaro National Monument-10. Karst Hydrological Research at Mammoth Cave National Park-11. Air Quality in Grand Canyon- IV. Protection Versus Use-12. Rare Plant Monitoring at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore-13. Wilderness Research and Management in the Sierra Nevada National Parks-14. River Management at Ozark National Scenic Riverways- V. Summary and Analysis-15. Summary of Long-term Research Applied to Major Resource Issues in U.S. National Parks-16. Lessons Learned from a Century of Applying Research Results to Management of National Parks-