Abstract
Indonesia defines itself as a maritime country, since its territory consists of four-fifth sea and only one-fifth land. Indonesia’s sea territory is particularly important in uniting the country, as the sea is a medium for interconnectivity, national integrity, resources, diplomacy, national defense and security. This paper will focus on the sea’s significance to Indonesia’s national unity in its role as a medium for interconnecting the country’s many islands, and the implications thereof to Indonesia’s national security and defense. This paper will discuss within this context in particular the reclamation of Jakarta’s north coast, the 32-kilometer coastline of Indonesia’s capital city. The reclamation project will reclaim a total of 27,000 hectares of land, and privatize the whole extent of Jakarta’s coastline, which serves as the city’s gateway to the sea. This paper will thus examine how to negotiate the various political, economic, social and cultural interests within the reclamation project, and address issues regarding national defense and security arising from the project. This research applies a normative empirical methodology, and intends to provide a scientific basis for the argument that as Jakarta’s coastline is crucial in terms of national defense and security matters, the coastline should therefore be managed by a state agency and remain publicly accessible.
Highlights
Indonesia first proclaimed itself as a maritime state through the Djuanda Declaration on December 13th, 1957, which was passed into law as Government Regulation-in-lieu-of-Law No 4 of 1960 on Indonesia’s Sea Territory
It has rights to manage all natural resources within and under its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf. All of this economic potential within its vast territory means that Indonesia is a very wealthy country
RECLAMATION ACCORDING TO THE INDONESIAN LAW According to Article 25A of the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia is a unitary state characterized by an archipelagic setting of which boundaries and rights are defined by law
Summary
Indonesia first proclaimed itself as a maritime state through the Djuanda Declaration on December 13th, 1957, which was passed into law as Government Regulation-in-lieu-of-Law No 4 of 1960 on Indonesia’s Sea Territory. The Djuanda Declaration, the UNCLOS ratification, and all the national legal standings affirmed Indonesia as an archipelagic state with a sea territory totaling 5.8 million square-kilometers, consisting of 3.2 million square-kilometers of territorial waters and 200 nm of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Indonesia has the authority and sovereign rights over all its archipelagic territorial waters. It has rights to manage all natural resources within and under its EEZ and continental shelf. All of this economic potential within its vast territory means that Indonesia is a very wealthy country. Indonesia has a strategic position politically and economically in the region, and even globally.
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