СИТУАЦІЙНІ ЦЕНТРИ ДЕРЖАВНИХ ОРГАНІВ ЯК СКЛАДОВА МЕХАНІЗМУ ПРИВЕДЕННЯ У ВИЩІ СТУПЕНІ БОЙОВОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ЧАСТИН І ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ СИЛ ОБОРОНИ

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. While the seizure of the Russian Federation of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in 2014, the mechanisms for bringing higher levels of combat readiness to parts and units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine were incapacitated because the system of strategic defence guides was collapsed. The National Security Strategy of Ukraine declares “the creation of the unified system of monitoring, analysis, forecasting and decisionmaking in the area of national defence and security in order to ensure effective coordination and functioning of the system of the situational centres across all of the agencies of the security and defence sector of Ukraine”. So the question arises, whether it is possible to include situational centres of the relevant state bodies of the security and defence sector in the system of bringing the units and parts of the forces of defence to higher levels of combat readiness? Analysis of recent research and publications. Problems of monitoring of the national security are devoted to a number of writings by specialists of the centre of military-strategic research of the National University of Defence named after Ivan Chernyakhovsky and the National Institute for Strategic Studies (NISS). At the same time, the issue of bringing the troops (forces) to higher levels of combat readiness is not widely considered by scientists. The purpose of the article is to investigate the possibilities of improvement of the system of bringing parts and units of the defence forces into higher levels of combat readiness by constructing an additional, reserve, control circuit based on the system of situational centres of state bodies that are part of the security and defence sector. Presentation of the main research material. Effective defence management should provide an appropriate mechanisms for bringing parts and units of defence forces into higher levels of combat readiness. Parts and subunits of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are brought into higher levels of combat readiness by certain signals, in accordance with the strategic plan of the usage of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. However, based on the experience, during the seizure of the Russian Federation of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in 2014, mechanisms for bringing higher-level combat readiness of parts and units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine were incapacitated. There were no clear signals and indications when the Russian military without any identification marks (“green men”) started the blockade of Ukrainian military units and objects on the peninsula, ships at the bases and seizure of the Simferopol airport, etc. Therefore, the mechanisms for bringing the units and subunits of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces into higher levels of combat readiness have to be improved in order to prevent a similar situation in the future. In our opinion, this can be done using the system of situational centres of the relevant governmental bodies of the security and defence sector that is being created. The Military Doctrine of Ukraine states that “the material and technical basis of the system of management of the security and defence sector of Ukraine will be the Main Situational Centre of Ukraine, the network of departmental situational centres, the resources of the Antiterrorist Centre under the Security Service of Ukraine, the Main Service Centre of the Service of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, similar units of others components of the security and defence sector, which will be reformed in order to achieve a higher level of interaction. (para. 35). It is expected to expand the capabilities of the Main Situation Centre of Ukraine to ensure coordination and control over the activities of executive authorities, law enforcement agencies and military formations in the field of national security and defence in peacetime, in a special period, in conditions of martial law, state of emergency and in case of emerging crisis situations National Security of Ukraine”. (para. 39). The Concept of Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine states that “set up a single system of situation centres of the state bodies in the security and defence sector as well as other state and local authorities, ensure their efficient coordination using the capabilities of the Main Situation Centre of Ukraine, establish conditions to ensure its interaction with NATO Situation Centre (SITCEN)” is one of the major ways of reaching the necessary operational and other capabilities of the security and defence sector components. It is anticipated that the state authorities will submit the monitoring results to the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine quarterly. If necessary, at the request of the Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine, separate bodies of state power will provide monitoring results more often. At the same time, in case of detecting sudden changes in indicators during the monitoring that are prognosing a sharp deterioration in the state of national security of Ukraine, the state authorities are obliged to immediately submit the monitoring results to the Office of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine. According to the results of the assessment of the security environment and the identified threats, in accordance with the strategic plan of the use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, parts and subunits of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are given in higher levels of combat readiness. This applies to other components of the defence forces. However, it is possible that in the event of a destructive impact on the system of military command of the defence forces, the regular system of bringing in higher levels of combat readiness will be violated. A similar situation can arise also in the context of a political crisis, which may lead to a collapse of the state administration system. In case of such a situation, it is necessary to have a reserve system for bringing the units of the defence forces to higher levels of combat readiness. In our opinion, it would be highly recommended to create the security and defence sector based on the situation centres of the specialized bodies of state power. The provision on the system of indicators of the national security of Ukraine implies that the numerical value of the indicator will be calculated in accordance with the approved monitoring methods and is presented in the range from 0 to 1. The qualitative indicator value will be determined according to the classification scale: 0-0,2 – critical level of safety; 0,2-0,3 – low security; 0,3-0,5 – reduced safety level; 0,5-1 is a satisfactory level of security. The results of the monitoring, which are calculated in situational centres of these bodies of state power, are transferred to the Main Situa tion Centre of Ukraine. If according to the monitoring results the numerical value of the indicator will indicate the achievement of the critical level of Ukraine's national security, then the signals from the situational centres will be promptly received not only to the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine and the leadership of the state, but also to the units of the defence forces, activating the mechanisms of bringing in higher levels of combat readiness. Conclusion and perspectives of further research. Violations of the mechanisms of functioning of the regular system of bringing the units and parts of the defence forces to higher levels of combat readiness are possible for various reasons, including: a political crisis that could lead to a collapse of the state administration system; destructive influence on the system of military management by the forces of defence, etc. In such a situation, in case of reaching the critical level of Ukraine's national security, a reserve contour of the system of bringing the units of the defence forces into higher levels of combat readiness, which is proposed to create a base of situational centres of the relevant state bodies of the security and defence sector, will be used. In the future work it is planned to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed reserve system of bringing in higher levels of combat readiness, etc.