Recent updates on metabolite composition and medicinal benefits of mangosteen plant.

Wan Mohd Aizat,Normah Mohd Noor,Ili Nadhirah Jamil,Faridda Hannim Ahmad-Hashim

doi:10.7717/peerj.6324

Abstract

BackgroundMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit has a unique sweet-sour taste and is rich in beneficial compounds such as xanthones. Mangosteen originally been used in various folk medicines to treat diarrhea, wounds, and fever. More recently, it had been used as a major component in health supplement products for weight loss and for promoting general health. This is perhaps due to its known medicinal benefits, including as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation. Interestingly, publications related to mangosteen have surged in recent years, suggesting its popularity and usefulness in research laboratories. However, there are still no updated reviews (up to 2018) in this booming research area, particularly on its metabolite composition and medicinal benefits.MethodIn this review, we have covered recent articles within the years of 2016 to 2018 which focus on several aspects including the latest findings on the compound composition of mangosteen fruit as well as its medicinal usages.ResultMangosteen has been vastly used in medicinal areas including in anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetes treatments. Furthermore, we have also described the benefits of mangosteen extract in protecting various human organs such as liver, skin, joint, eye, neuron, bowel, and cardiovascular tissues against disorders and diseases.ConclusionAll in all, this review describes the numerous manipulations of mangosteen extracted compounds in medicinal areas and highlights the current trend of its research. This will be important for future directed research and may allow researchers to tackle the next big challenge in mangosteen study: drug development and human applications.

Highlights

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) belongs to the Guttiferae
Yonas & Saraswati (2017) showed that the ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp was able to inhibit the activity of the glucosyltransferase enzyme from Streptococcus mutans, which is important for dental caries progression
The action of c-mangostin in regulating both nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and SIRT1 has been shown in both human hepatocyte cell line L02 induced by oxidants as well as in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride toxic drug (Wang et al, 2018a), suggesting the applicability of this compound in ameliorating liver toxification and oxidative damage

Summary

Introduction

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) belongs to the Guttiferae (syn. Clusiaceae) family, typically grown in tropical South East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Anti-cancer a-mangostin is the largest constituent of xanthone in mangosteen pericarp extract, and it is well researched and applied in various cancer cell lines (Table 1). Besides gartanin and garcinone E, other known mangosteen compounds such as mangostanin, 8-deoxygartanin, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone showed considerable anti-cancer activity against neuroendocrine and glioma cancer cell lines (Yang et al, 2017).

Results

Conclusion