Abstract
BackgroundClear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) is considered a relatively rare tumor with a glycogen-rich phenotype. The prognosis of CCA patients is unclear. In this study, recent trends in the epidemiological and prognostic factors of CCA were comprehensively investigated.MethodsPatients with CCA from years 2000 to 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiological, and End Results (SEER) database. Relevant population data were used to analyze the rates age-adjusted incidence, age-standardized 3-year and 5-year relative survivals, and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe age-adjusted incidence of CCA increased 2.7-fold from the year 2000 (3.3/100,000) to 2016 (8.8/100,000). This increase occurred across all ages, races, stages, and grades. Of all these subgroups, the increase was largest in the grade IV group. The age-standardized 3-year and 5-year relative survivals increased during this study period, rising by 9.1% and 9.5% from 2000 to 2011, respectively. Among all the stages and grades, the relative survival increase was greatest in the grade IV group. According to multivariate analysis of all CCA patients, predictors of OS were: age, gender, year of diagnosis, marital status, race, grade, stage, and primary tumor site (P < 0.001). The OS of all CCA patients during the period 2008 to 2016 was significantly higher than that from 2000 to 2007 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe incidence of CCA and survival of these patients improved over time. In particular, the highest increases were reported for grade IV CCA, which may be due to an earlier diagnosis and improved treatment.
Highlights
Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) is considered a relatively rare tumor with a glycogen-rich phenotype
To assess the recent trends in CCA incidence, we identified all CCA cases from 2000 to 2016 in the SEER database
Among the tumor grade groups, the most dramatic rise in incidence was described in patients with grade IV CCA
Summary
Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) is considered a relatively rare tumor with a glycogen-rich phenotype. Recent trends in the epidemiological and prognostic factors of CCA were comprehensively investigated. Clear cell carcinoma (CCA) consists of a series of malignant tumors, likely caused by abnormal deposition of glycogen [1]. Glycogen is a branched-chain polysaccharide composed of glucose that is necessary to maintain homeostasis of normal cell metabolism, but can promote tumor growth, especially under adverse conditions [2–4]. More and more studies have emphasized that reprogramming of glycogen metabolism affects the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors; it has become a recognized feature of tumor cells [6, 7]. A few drugs targeting glycogen metabolism are currently being tested as a component of comprehensive treatment for tumors, they have not yet been approved for clinical application [8, 9]
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