Abstract
A brief review of the major PV programmes in Europe is given as they are the major developers and users of new technology components and methodologies. From these programmes, the most important developments and advances in PV system technology were identified, focusing on the activities of the European Community. The trend is toward more grid-connected plants, but there is a sustained interest towards stand-alone systems for developing countries and domestic consumption. The key achievements are 1) 15% efficient PV modules, now available on a commercial basis, 2) high-power PV modules, and modules integrated into the house or building structure, 3) attachment of PV modules onto array structures with adhesives and not with nuts and bolts, 4) a family of low-power and high-power IGBT-based inverters, 5) an inverter integrated onto a PV module, 6) battery cell equalizer, monitoring system, and operational guidelines, all intended to extend battery lifetime, 7) partial shunt regulator for a high-voltage syste...
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