Abstract
We report on the recent progress and development of research into cellulose-based electro-active paper for bending actuators, bioelectronics devices, and electromechanical transducers. The cellulose electro-active paper is characterized in terms of its biodegradability, chirality, ample chemically modifying capacity, light weight, actuation capability, and ability to form hybrid nanocomposites. The mechanical, electrical, and chemical characterizations of the cellulose-based electro-active paper and its hybrid composites such as blends or coatings with synthetic polymers, biopolymers, carbon nanotubes, chitosan, and metal oxides, are explained. In addition, the integration of cellulose electro-active paper is highlighted to form various functional devices including but not limited to bending actuators, flexible speaker, strain sensors, energy harvesting transducers, biosensors, chemical sensors and transistors for electronic applications. The frontiers in cellulose paper devices are reviewed together with the strategies and perspectives of cellulose electro-active paper and cellulose nanocomposite research and applications.
Highlights
Cellulose, with a yearly estimated biomass production of 1.5 trillion tons, is an almost inexhaustible polymer raw material with a fascinating structure and properties [1]
We review the recent advances in cellulose electro-active paper and its hybrid nanocomposites
The actuation mechanism, physical properties and electromechanical behavior, including the piezoelectricity of cellulose electro-active paper (EAPap), are briefly summarized, and cellulose-based hybrid nanocomposites are introduced in terms of hybridizing carbon nanotubes, polymer coatings, and chitosan blends, as well as metal oxides with a cellulose substrate
Summary
With a yearly estimated biomass production of 1.5 trillion tons, is an almost inexhaustible polymer raw material with a fascinating structure and properties [1]. Shear piezoelectricity in wood depends largely on the type of wood, its orientation, and the environmental conditions Despite these early inroads, there have been very few investigations into the potential of cellulose to be used as a smart material until Kim discovered an interesting actuation mechanism in the cellulose paper. The electromechanical coupling and mechanical properties of cellulose EAPap have been reported to be very similar to those of piezopolymers [15] This extends its possible uses to strain sensors, self-powered vibration sensors, and energy scavenging transducers [16]. The actuation mechanism, physical properties and electromechanical behavior, including the piezoelectricity of cellulose EAPap, are briefly summarized, and cellulose-based hybrid nanocomposites are introduced in terms of hybridizing carbon nanotubes, polymer coatings, and chitosan blends, as well as metal oxides with a cellulose substrate. The possibilities and challenges in the area of cellulose EAPap and its hybrid composites are addressed
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