Recent Progress of Fabrication of Cell Scaffold by Electrospinning Technique for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering.

Yingge Zhou,Mimi Zumwalt,Joanna Chyu

doi:10.1155/2018/1953636

Abstract

As a versatile nanofiber manufacturing technique, electrospinning has been widely employed for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. Since the structure of natural extracellular matrices varies substantially in different tissues, there has been growing awareness of the fact that the hierarchical 3D structure of scaffolds may affect intercellular interactions, material transportation, fluid flow, environmental stimulation, and so forth. Physical blending of the synthetic and natural polymers to form composite materials better mimics the composition and mechanical properties of natural tissues. Scaffolds with element gradient, such as growth factor gradient, have demonstrated good potentials to promote heterogeneous cell growth and differentiation. Compared to 2D scaffolds with limited thicknesses, 3D scaffolds have superior cell differentiation and development rate. The objective of this review paper is to review and discuss the recent trends of electrospinning strategies for cartilage tissue engineering, particularly the biomimetic, gradient, and 3D scaffolds, along with future prospects of potential clinical applications.

Highlights

Tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative cell-based approach designed to substitute damaged organs with tissues generated in vitro
The objective of this paper is to review and discuss the recent trends of electrospinning strategies for cartilage tissue engineering, the biomimetic, gradient, and 3D scaffolds, along with future prospects of potential clinical applications in this field of research
The current literature review reveals that the most prevailing recent trend is the fabrication of biomimetic, gradient, and 3D bioscaffolds, as presented below

Summary

Introduction

Tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative cell-based approach designed to substitute damaged organs with tissues generated in vitro. It overcomes the barriers of conventional allograft transplantation, such as the scarcity of donor organs, the complexity of surgery, and complicated postoperative care [1]. In many cases, it involves the utilization of a scaffold, an engineered porous supporting material for tissue regeneration. Osteoarthritis is no longer common only among the elderly but has extended to the younger population who need a long-term solution for their painful problem [10]

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