Abstract
Heavy metals are inorganic pollutants which pose a serious threat to human and environmental safety, and their effective removal is becoming an increasingly urgent issue. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel group of crystalline porous materials, which have proven to be promising adsorbents because of their extremely high surface areas, optimizable pore volumes and pore size distributions. This study is a systematic review of the recent research on the removal of several major heavy metal ions by MOFs. Based on the different structures of MOFs, varying adsorption capacity can be achieved, ranging from tens to thousands of milligrams per gram. Many MOFs have shown a high selectivity for their target metal ions. The corresponding mechanisms involved in capturing metal ions are outlined and finally, the challenges and prospects for their practical application are discussed.
Highlights
With the rapid development of industrialization, environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem, especially heavy metal pollution, which is a widespread cause of concern
This study provided valuable information that advanced our understanding of the long-range order in Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and promoted further investigation into MOFs
The recent research advances on the removal of heavy metal ions by MOFs and MOF-based materials were provided
Summary
With the rapid development of industrialization, environmental pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem, especially heavy metal pollution, which is a widespread cause of concern. Adsorption is one of the most commonly applied methods due to its convenience, low-cost and high efficiency for the removal of heavy metal ions [5]. Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials have attracted much attention due Ntoantohmeaitreriwalsid20e20r,a1n0g, xeFoOfRpPoEtEeRnRtiEaVlIEaWpplications [7] They are usually self-assembled through s2troofn2g5 ccoooorrddiinnaattiioonn bboonnddss bbeettwweeeenn iinnoorrggaanniicc mmeettaall iioonnss//cclluusstteerrss aanndd oorrggaanniicc lliiggaannddss,, ffoorrmmiinngg ppeerriiooddiicc nneettwwoorrkk ssttrruuccttuurreess. Walesohdoipsecuthssisedre.vWieewhwopilel this review will provide a broad view of MOFs’ application in capturing various types of heavy metal ion pollutants and promote further investigations into the practical application of MOF‐based materials for environmental pollution management. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1481 provide a broad view of MOFs’ application in capturing various types of heavy metal ion pollutants and promote further investigations into the practical application of MOF-based materials for environmental pollution management
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