Recent Polish and Ukrainian dramaturgy in the face of modern world crises

Sains Barat Modern, yang menjadi komponen utama penyokong tumbuhnya modernitas, telah kehilangan rujukan transendentalnya. Hilangnya rujukan kepada yang Mutlak ini disebabkan adanya pemisahan antara sains dan agama sejak munculnya zaman renaissance, yang pada akhirnya bermetamorfosis menjadi modernitas- suatu zaman yang mempunyai karakter antroposentris, memisahkan antara kontemplatif dan aksi, serta menghilangkan aspek transendental atau spiritual. Akibatnya, dunia modern dilanda tragedi dan berbagai krisis, seperti krisis spiritual, krisis lingkungan, kecemasan terhadap bahaya perang dan lain-lain. Tulisan ini membahas kritik Hossein Nashr tentang problem modernitas dan sains. Menurut Nashr sains Barat telah kehilangan rujukan transendentalnya karena memisahkan antara sains dengan teologi, atau agama. Dalam pandangan Nasr, akar dari seluruh krisis di dunia modern adalah kesalahan dalam mengkonsepsikan manusia. Peradaban dunia modern yang ditegakkan di atas landasan konsep manusia namun tidak menyertakan hal yang paling esensial bagi manusia itulah yang menjadi penyebab kegagalan proyek modernitas.

The article states that the study of the crisis of liberal democracy has become a key topic in socio-philosophical and politi- cal science discourses. Most research focuses on analyzing liberal democracy through the lens of European or post-Soviet experiences. At the same time, domestic political science still lacks comprehensive fundamental studies that thoroughly analyze crisis phenomena and predict the future of liberal-democratic values and practices on a global scale. The contemporary crisis of liberal democracy should be examined through the prism of profound transformations in the modern world, the interaction between democratic and liberal doctrines, the rise of populist tendencies even in developed countries, the strengthening of authoritarianism, and the destabilization of democratic institutions. An important factor is also the new geopolitical shifts that lead to strategic reformatting of global interests. The study aims to identify external (extra-systemic) factors of modern social de- velopment that drive anti-democratic and anti-liberal transformations within advanced liberal democracies. These factors include eco- nomic globalization; social polarization and the rollback of the «welfare society» concept; lack of a sense of community, national pride, or identity; shifts in the global balance of power; the retreat of the United States and EU countries from actively promoting and de- fending democratic values worldwide; the focus of the strongest liber- al democracies on their own domestic problems; the use of the liberal democracy crisis by authoritarian regimes to export their anti-demo- cratic infiuence; the «paradoxes of freedom» (as per I. Krastev); glob- al threats in human-nature interactions (depopulation, negative consequences of technological progress, pandemics, military confiicts, terrorism, climate change, migration crises, environmental pollution, energy instability, resource scarcity); hybrid threats (cyberattacks, disinformation, election interference); the rapid rise of populist movements in European countries. The research employs sociological, historical, structural-functional, systemic, comparative, analytical, and synthetic methods, as well as deduction, induction, forecasting, and observation. The study highlights the threats posed by the crisis of liberal democracy, as the rise of anti-democratic tendencies world- wide not only negatively affects individual rights and freedoms but also generates economic and security risks. The autocratization of states and the increase in repressive practices lead to the erosion of international agreements and alliances, destabilization of nations and regions, and create favorable conditions for the activities of rad- ical groups and extremists.

Luigi Pirandello is a remarkable and definite presence in the literature of the twenty century, as one of the mainly representative authors of the italian Decadentismo, not only as a dramaturge – field in which he is wordly famous – but also with his innovative and significant opus. The present work proposes to analyze the author’s poetic, that destroy the 19 century prevalent way of work, and it has as theme the fragmentation of the subject, the alienation and the relativity of the modern world, a crisis of everything that is absolute. To prove this point we have analyzed one of the mainly pirandellianos romances, Quaderni di Serafino Gubbio operatore, opus that brings his serious and careful thoughts about crisis in the modern world generated by technological progress – brought by industrial civilization – that has had as consequence the mechanization and acceleration of the life rhythm in big metropolis. The work contains within something which we understand to be the fundamental themes of his opus: value crisis in the mechanized and modern world and the invasion of technology in the field of arts, represented by the cinema. Taking as basis the texts of Pirandello’s mainly critics and the texts of those who treated the changes that had been occurred in the work of arts inside the industrial society, we present considerations that can demonstrate pirandelliana’s preoccupation, not only with the human being, but also with the future of art and theatre in a society that had been alienated by machines – what transforms the author in one of the greatest philosopher of the twenty century. Key words: Luigi Pirandello; humour; work art; cinema; cultural industry.

In this modern world, we intend to modernize everything and try to get everything at the tip of our fingers. It has been changed with technology based on individual creativity. In this chapter, we see a cafeteria that has been rendered to a new version with the help of Autodesk 3ds max. Autodesk 3ds Max is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations, models, games, and images. As we all know, eye-catching visuals, ambiance attracts all kinds of crowds. The structure of the architecture, menu format, lighting effects, seating arrangement, serving ideas have been rendered here. Keeping the world crisis in mind, an approach to the same issue is shown. This chapter aims at designing a cafeteria with enhanced models with material effects. The process of rendering the cafeteria is shown in detail.

It is noted that the crisis in the modern world is one of the threats to further development, but the crisis also accompanies the formation of our civilization. Understanding how and in what direction humanity will develop depends on what communication system we will mount and how this system of relationships will function. To understand how to develop an effective system of global development, how to build the architecture of the New World Order, we need to understand how humanity has evolved and is evolving now. The author will present his own interpretation of the term "New World Order" as an order of modern times, the next stage of human evolution, the system of international relations, politics, economic relations, devoid of crisis and conflict manifestations at the interstate and international levels. In the historical context, especially at the time of the formation of new forms of government, when humanity moved from a monarchical system of government to the republican, the term new world order, meant a new system of government, ie the republic. Accordingly, the old world order was recognized as a monarchy. In this context, the term "New World Order" can be used as an order of new times, ie a new social order that replaces the old one.

The aim of the article is to form the scientific and theoretical basis for the introduction of green energy and systematize the scientific and practical foundations for ensuring energy security in the transition to the effective use of green energy technologies. According to the results of the carried out study, it is proved that energy is the basis for the development of human civilization, the most important factor in the production and maintenance of life in modern transformational conditions. It is the active development of the energy industry sector that provides resources for all energy and temperature processes of production, information and management activities and the dynamic functioning of the social sphere of society, as well as forms the main flows of world trade and integrates international relations. The energy industry is associated with significant challenges and threats that call into question its ability to continue to meet the basic criteria of sustainable energy supply, namely: sufficiency, affordability, efficiency, and ecology. The predictable maturation of the energy crisis in the modern world has a long-term and structural nature, which forms the financial, economic and environmental crises. Therefore, there is a need to search for alternative energy sources that will have a low level of negative impact on the environmental component of society development and simultaneously increase the socioeconomic level. The article specifies that green energy can be defined as a key element of the strategy for building an optimal configuration of a balanced system of correspondence between environmental and economic factors and the transition to sustainable development of society. It is determined that consideration of economic aspects and financial support, technical challenges, the role of government and public-private partnerships, as well as the impact on small and medium-sized enterprises provides a full range of information for understanding the ways of development of green energy in the economic and social contexts. Taking into account these aspects will allow us to build effective strategies for sustainable and balanced development of the green energy sector.

This study investigates the issue of coronavirus effects on business intelligence systems regarding business innovation and entrepreneurship. Even though the Covid-19 pandemic has become the most significant crisis in the modern world and has negatively influenced numerous life spheres and business activities, it is possible to mention a few positive effects that might be used by different business organizations. Thus, the paper analyzes the relevant literature and shows that many positive ones follow short-term negative effects. The used the literature review approach to review many studies to answer the study questions and support its claims mentioned previously. The findings reveal that the coronavirus stimulates individuals and businesses to mobilize their efforts to overcome the existing Covid-19 pandemic challenge in the spheres of business innovation and entrepreneurship. The present paper also mentioned a set of advices related to how to cope with dealing with such a pandemic and mentioned a set of practical and theoretical implications for businesses in the near future.

Energy crisis in the modern world is one of the major hindrances in Smart Cities. Smart Cities have a lot of energy consuming elements so it is hard to build one using conventional energy sources because of the energy crisis. Reconstructing Smart Cities using unconventional energy sources like solar, piezoelectric etc. is highly complex, and demands innovative solutions. Today many people believe in different ways of ‘going green’ which due to research is supposed to help keep the Earth healthy. One of the major ways that green technology is taking over is through different forms of energy that does not involve fossil fuel. In this paper we have presented an energy harnessing network fitted with a Smart Bin in a Waste Management System that will power the Smart Bin and the remaining energy is integrated with electricity grid, acting as a source of energy. Smart Bins are converted to Green energy source. The main agenda of this paper are to show the paramount importance unconventional energy and inspire people to do further research on Smart Cities.

In chapter 1, when criticizing Ackerman’s and Nagel’s respective positions, I explained that a practice of political justification that tolerates only neutral or impartial arguments is not itself neutral or impartial. More troubling, however, is the fact that, as I explained in chapter 1 and illustrated in chapter 2, a practice of political justification, like Ackerman’s and Nagel’s practices, that excludes or marginalizes disputed beliefs about human good is bereft of the normative resources required for addressing, in more than a superficial way, much less resolving, the most fundamental politicalmoral questions that engage and divide us, like questions about human rights. An ideal of politics (political justification) that, like Ackerman’s or Nagel’s ideal, requires us to stand mute before such profound and profoundly difficult questions could scarcely be less adequate to the reality of political conflict and crisis in the modern world. The ideal of politics I begin elaborating and defending in this chapter is one in which beliefs about human good, including disputed beliefs, are central. I call this ideal “ecumenical” politics. In ecumenical politics beliefs about human good play a basic role in public deliberations about, and public justifications of, contested political choices.

Crisis brings danger and opportunity. The COVID-19 pandemic will go down in history as an unprecedented crisis in the modern world, causing disruption and high death rates in nearly every country. The long-term impact of the pandemic is yet to be assessed. There are fears of a second wave and of deepening economic recession. Social inequality has increased, but there are also local and national initiatives providing help to those most in need. Scientists are responding to the desperate calls for effective vaccines and medications. Many research studies are underway and the knowledge that is gathered is shared and expanded internationally. As the lockdown is lifted and restrictions eased, we face the challenge of deciding whether to build on what we have learnt, or revert to our old ways.

Philosophical foundations of unity of cultures and civilizational crisis in the modern world

This study aims to establish a link between the concept of “Weltliteratur” or World Literature, in terms of the free movement of literary themes and ideas between nations in original form or translation, and the Bengali poets of the thirties and forties who actively translated French and German poets. It identifies Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's (1749-1832) concept of World Literature as a vehicle for the Kallol Jug poets. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe introduced the concept of “Weltliteratur” in a few of his essays in the first half of the nineteenth century to describe the international circulation and reception of literary works in Europe, including works of non-Western origin. My emphasis will be on Jibanananda Das (1899-1954) arguably the most celebrated poet in Bengali literature who was well versed in the contemporary Western Canons of Poetry. Jibanananda’s defamiliarization of the rural Bengal Landscape, his use of exotic foreign images owe a debt to contemporary European poets. Interestingly, Jibanananda had reviewed an English translation of German author Thomas Mann’s novel “Dr Faustus’ for a Bengali magazine “Chaturanga”. In the Bengali review he states that despite prevalent misconceptions (some critics considering the novel to be superior to the original Faust epic by Goethe) Goethe’s Faust was the first text to capture the hope, despair and crisis in the modern world and articulate it in such a manner that “true” literature of the age was created in its new light. In Jibanananda’s estimation, Thomas Mann deserves credit for treating the Faust legend in a unique and creative way.

Environmental pollution by wastewater is a prominent crisis in the modern world, and currently, available treatments consume high amounts of electricity, leading to another global crisis of resources. Present system designs in Malaysia focus mainly on treating municipal effluents. This leaves a wide scope for treating other substrates such as landfill leachate effluents. Landfill leachate is one of the alarming pollutants of water reservoirs due to the presence of high concentrations of contaminants such as chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, phosphate, nitrogen, and harmful heavy metals. This raises an immediate focus to modernize its’ treatment system in Malaysia by using sustainable biological treatment with minimal use of energy. Thus, this research targets treating leachate landfill wastewater using an anaerobic digestion process by bacteria that will not only remove the high chemical oxygen demand contents of the wastewater but also utilize them to generate electricity. The two anaerobic electrogenic bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used in this study at 10%, 30%, and 50% concentration, presenting a substantial removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate wastewater, in turn, producing a power output of 0.09μA to 0.36μA on a microliter scale, measured using a compact paper-based electro-fluidic array that mimics a microbial fuel cell. However, the bacterial digestion of landfill leachate was found to be inhibited due to the presence of high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen and phosphate.

This paper analyses the tendency of Georgian Public debt and its impact on the economic growth. Public debt plays important role in the process of developing state?s macroeconomic system. It can be explained by the fact that debt arising and its services greatly affect the country's financial status, the size of the savings, the amount of money, the investment environment, the consumption structure and the international relationship with the rest of the country. It is very difficult to find a country in the whole world which did not face Public debt problem at least once. The issue of Public debt problem can be also explained by the fact that most countries have a tendency to increase debt. The burden of the debt affects on the economic and social conditions of the country and consequently, it is crucial for the government to find ways to solve it. Stabilization of internal and external debt is one of the most essential factors for long-term economic development of the country. Nowadays budget deficit is not surprising, it is well-known method to use debt obligations to fund deficits.Current financial crisis in the modern world have changed the attitude of the countries to be more cautious when it comes to the Public debt. Public debt is mostly used to finance social and economic needs. Country?s solvency and its international reputation is related to the Public debt, so it is very important for any country to determine the exact amount of Public debt and develop an optimal system of management. Based on the above mentioned, this paper studies Georgian public debt effects on the economic growth, the debt management methods and ways of spending. As a result of this study, Georgian Public debt appears not to be big burden for the country, but it has the tendency of growing. At the same time, various problems have been identified in the debt management process.

The article is devoted to a study of existential motifs and the problem of the search for identity in Mustafa Selim’s collection of short stories “Secret Tunnel”. The aim of the study is an analysis of the artistic means by which the author reveals the inner world of the characters, their existential crises and attempts at self-determination in the context of modern social transformations. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of narratological and phenomenological approaches, which reveals both the formal features of the text and the deep philosophical meanings of the works. With the use of narratological analysis, the structure of the narrative, the features of the plot and the temporal organization of the narrative were studied. The phenomenological method was used to deconstruct the subjective experience of the characters, their experience of time, space and corporeality. The study reveals the key themes of the collection: loneliness, alienation, the search for the meaning of life and one’s “Self”. Special attention is paid to the study of the author’s narrative strategies, in particular the use of the stream-of-consciousness technique, fragmented narrative and symbolic images. It has been found out that the fragmentation of the narrative reflects the disintegration of the characters’ consciousness and the crisis of identity, while the symbolic images of water and desert function as metaphors of the constant transformations of identity in the modern world. Mustafa Selim skillfully uses symbolism, metaphors and the technique of the stream of consciousness to reflect the existential states of the characters, keenly combining traditional Arabic literary forms with modern techniques. The author’s use of the “stream of consciousness” technique in combination with traditional Arabic narrative forms is particularly innovative and creates a unique artistic synthesis. The article analyzes in detail the relationship between the characters’ personal crisis and broader cultural transformations in the Arab world and examines the specifics of the adaptation of Western philosophical concepts in the Arab cultural tradition.