Recent investigation on biomaterial based tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV)

Abstract

In recent years the concept of tissue-engineered heart valves provides advanced treatment for creating a living heart valve replacing the failed one. Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is the most common disease in failing one or more valves in the heart, for those people from various countries are being affected in a huge number. This may be due to valvular stenosis (abnormal narrowing in valves of the heart), valvular prolapse and regurgitation (backflow of blood or due to leakage). This study was designed to overcome the failure faced by the present bioprosthetic heart valves as well as tissue-engineered heart valves by bringing in an optimized advanced material using the present biopolymers. The main reason for the usage of biopolymers in this study is due to its good physiochemical and mechanical properties as compared to other existing materials which is been used in the manufacturing of heart valves. A crucial factor of this methodology is to solve problems like calcification at the surface of the material, thrombosis, degeneration, and others. Bio polymeric materials generally possess good resistance towards oxidation and hydrolysis with good stability. As there are many existing materials available to manufacture heart valves, in this review the materials that are investigated are Polyurethane (PU), Polydimethyl Siloxane (PDMS) - Polyhexamethylene Oxide (PHMO) PU, and POSS-PCU Nanocomposite (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane - Polycarbonate Urethane). These biopolymer materials exhibit long term stability, resulting in good mechanical properties and enhanced resistance towards hydrolysis, oxidation. These materials also result in reduced calcification and thrombosis.