Abstract
The wood preservation industry has taken large leaps to develop and produce chemicals that protect wood from microorganisms and weathering degradation with no or low environmental impact. These improvements occurred after concerns of federal and public agencies about the release of toxic components into atmosphere, soil, and water. These days, reduction in use of non-renewable resources is a crucial concern. Wood and wood-based products are generally low in CO2emissions and can be gained from sustainable forest resources. Therefore, they can play a significant role as renewable resources. In comparison to other building materials, wood has numerous advantages, such as suitable thermal insulation, high strength to weight ratio, easy machinability, and attractive esthetics. Wood as a valuable building and industrial material requires to be protected due to its biodegradable properties especially when it is submitted to harsh conditions. Wood durability can be improved through wood protection which include wood preservatives and modification systems. Wood protection should be safe to use, efficient, cost-effective, permanent, and should not corrode metal or degrade wood components. Numerous reviews of wood protection can be found in the scientific literatures, but until now a review of a combination of wood preservation and wood modification has not been studied. It should be considered that the latest research projects in wood protection in academia not always reflect the most current developments in the industry due to exclusive rights. The findings reported in academia contribute to the safe use of preservatives, advancement of wood modification techniques, as well as recycle and disposal of treated material. Therefore, in this study, the most current research and advancements promoted in the wood protection in academia are discussed which including an overall summary of the recent developments on wood preservatives, different types of preservatives, natural preservative compounds, and modification technologies in academia.
Highlights
Wood and wood products are present in different forms in building construction sector namely beams, cabinets, ceiling, flooring, and interior paneling
The results showed that Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ) treatment does not affect block shear and strength of hardwoods and CLT samples
Wood preservation research is globally focus on using natural environmentally compatible compounds, few wood preservation industrial companies are willing to uptake of these natural compounds and their associated technologies
Summary
Wood and wood products are present in different forms in building construction sector namely beams, cabinets, ceiling, flooring, and interior paneling. According to United States Environmental Protection Agency [U.S EPA] (2021) copper azole is a water-based preservative used to protect wood from decay and insect attack, and its uses include millwork, shingles and shakes, siding, plywood, structural lumber, fence posts, building and utility poles, land and freshwater piling, composites, as well as above-ground, ground-contact and fresh and saltwater applications. The authors pointed out that the addition of borate to protect heartwood provided significant increase in bridge tie useful life, it can be used either with creosote or copper naphthenate Preservative manufacturers such as Nisus, Koppers and KoCoat have developed new borate formulations with the objective of protect wood in ground above contact (Marks et al, 2002; Lloyd, 2013; Zhang et al, 2014). Heartwood extractive of Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Valonia extract, sumac leaf extract and pine bark extract Extract of herbaceous plant, Inula viscose in combination with cinnamon oil, carvacol or thymol Heartwood extractive of Prosopis juliflora
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