Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids are a major group among the isoquinoline alkaloids. Their basic skeleton is 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl derivatives of which are called aporphines. Isolation, structural determination, and synthesis of the alkaloids have been extensively investigated by numerous organic chemists until at present to explore both new methodology for their synthesis and their biological activity. Especially, apomorphine and apocodeine that are architectural aporphine-type alkaloids obtained by acid treatment of morphine and codeine are attractive compounds for pharmacologists for searching novel biological activity. There are numerous and excellent references on the aporphine alkaloids so far, in which the methodology for synthesis of the alkaloids is mainly classified in the following five categories: (1) the Pschorr reaction, (2) phenolic and nonphenolic coupling reaction, (3) photochemical reaction, (4) benzyne reaction, and (5) acid catalyzed reaction. Among them, the new or modified methods are presented. This chapter reviews the syntheses of aporphine and dehydroaporphine alkaloids.
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