Recent developments in current conveyors and current-mode circuits

Abstract

Current conveyors and related currentmode circuits have begun to emerge as an important class of circuits with properties that enable them to rival their voltage-mode counterparts in a wide range of applications. The use of current rather than voltage as the active parameter can result in higher usable gain, accuracy and bandwidth due to reduced voltage excursion at sensitive nodes. A current-mode approach is not just restricted to current processing, but also offers certain important advantages when interfaced to voltage-mode circuits. This paper sets out to survey developments in conveyors and currentmode circuits from both an historical and technical viewpoint and to act as a useful source of reference material.