Abstract
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy uses small permanent magnets to generate magnetic fields and therefore offers the advantages of operational simplicity and reasonable cost, presenting a viable alternative to high-field NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the use of benchtop NMR spectroscopy for rapid in-field analysis, e.g., for quality control or forensic science purposes, has attracted considerable attention. As benchtop NMR spectrometers are sufficiently compact to be operated in a fume hood, they can be efficiently used for real-time reaction and process monitoring. This review introduces the recent applications of benchtop NMR spectroscopy in diverse fields, including food science, pharmaceuticals, process and reaction monitoring, metabolomics, and polymer materials.
Highlights
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has a broad application scope, as it is non-destructive, requires small sample amounts, provides both structural and dynamic information, and is intrinsically quantitative [1,2].the minute energy difference between the nuclear spin states responsible for the exploited transitions results in relatively low sensitivity and resolution [3]
Higher sensitivity and resolution are achieved by increasing the strength of the magnetic field in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments, which currently rely on cryogenically cooled superconducting magnets to generate a high magnetic field and are very expensive in terms of components, maintenance, and operation
In the early days of benchtop NMR spectroscopy, the magnetic field homogeneity was insufficient to distinguish small differences in chemical shifts, which resulted in the development of time-domain NMR techniques to measure relaxation times or diffusion coefficients [9]
Summary
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has a broad application scope (e.g., organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, food science, and material science), as it is non-destructive, requires small sample amounts, provides both structural and dynamic information, and is intrinsically quantitative (the integrated area of the NMR signal is directly proportional to the number of the corresponding resonant nuclei) [1,2]. Higher sensitivity and resolution are achieved by increasing the strength of the magnetic field in NMR instruments, which currently rely on cryogenically cooled superconducting magnets to generate a high magnetic field and are very expensive in terms of components, maintenance, and operation. In the early days of benchtop NMR spectroscopy, the magnetic field homogeneity was insufficient to distinguish small differences in chemical shifts, which resulted in the development of time-domain NMR techniques to measure relaxation times or diffusion coefficients [9]. This review focuses on the recent technologies associated with benchtop NMR spectroscopy, discusses its applications in various fields (e.g., foods, pharmaceuticals, monitoring tools, and polymer materials), and briefly introduces the newly developed advanced methodologies
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