Abstract
Recent developments of point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vitro diagnostic medical devices have provided analytical capabilities and reliable diagnostic results for rapid access at or near the patient’s location. Nevertheless, the challenges of reliable diagnosis still remain an important factor in actual clinical trials before on-site medical treatment and making clinical decisions. New classes of POCT devices depict precise diagnostic technologies that can detect biomarkers in biofluids such as sweat, tears, saliva or urine. The introduction of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) system as an artificial bioreceptor for the POCT devices could be one of the emerging candidates to improve the analytical performance along with physicochemical stability when used in harsh environments. Here, we review the potential availability of MIP-based biorecognition systems as custom artificial receptors with high selectivity and chemical affinity for specific molecules. Further developments to the progress of advanced MIP technology for biomolecule recognition are introduced. Finally, to improve the POCT-based diagnostic system, we summarized the perspectives for high expandability to MIP-based periodontal diagnosis and the future directions of MIP-based biosensors as a wearable format.
Highlights
Molecular diagnostics point-of-care (POC) is a technology belonging to the field of personalized healthcare and refers to clinical pathology tests for the diagnosis of disease [1]
The electrosynthetic strategies for viral-protein-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) (i.e., SARS-CoV-2) can contribute to producing a new concept of POC testing (POCT) devices to fully utilize the electrically operational transducers [110], which is under development with the popularly introduced small-scale device integrated with microchips for the wearable or skin-attachable format [111]
From a long-term perspective, significant technological progress for on-site medical treatment will persist, and a new format of POC devices and related techniques will be introduced to the market due to the change in work methods caused by the COVID-19 and the generalization of telecommuting
Summary
Molecular diagnostics point-of-care (POC) is a technology belonging to the field of personalized healthcare and refers to clinical pathology tests for the diagnosis of disease [1]. Despite its high specificity and low limit of detection (LOD), some drawbacks still arise from relatively long procedures with moderate reliability or expensive bioassay kits’ specified protocols, depending on the primarily designed binding affinity for different targets [12] In this context, as a rational synthetic strategy and biomimetic design in the field of biotechnology, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been revisited in response to the continuous demand for rapid, accurate and cost-effective analytical platforms. Due to continuous exposure to the fluid of interest simultaneously with other biological components, the biosensors targeting analytes may need recalibration to correct for signal responses over time On this issue, at the end of this review, we will suggest wearable POCT devices and advanced MIP-based technology to determine periodontal diagnostics by identifying oral fluid-based biomarkers for precision oral medicine. With easy accessibility from saliva sampling, the MIP-based periodontic diagnosis to improve POCT-based diagnostic systems is still under investigation for clinical application, which will be an important field of study and highly beneficial for overall public healthcare
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