Abstract
The impact of malaria on global health has continually prompted the need to develop more effective diagnostic strategies that could overcome deficiencies in accurate and early detection. In this review, we examine the various biosensor-based methods for malaria diagnostic biomarkers, namely; Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2), parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and the biocrystal hemozoin. The models that demonstrate a potential for field application have been discussed, looking at the fabrication and analytical performance characteristics, including (but not exclusively limited to): response time, sensitivity, detection limit, linear range, and storage stability, which are first summarized in a tabular form and then described in detail. The conclusion summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies applied in the field, the current challenges and the emerging prospects for malaria biosensors.
Highlights
Malaria remains an important parasitic human disease globally, which is transmitted via the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes
The authors integrated the process on an inter-digitated gold microelectrodes (IDμE) and connected to the FET to construct a sensitive into an extended gate field effect transistor (EgFET).The NG3 aptamers were immobilized on an interand stable miniaturized aptaFET biosensor (Figure 5) [49]
Arrays for Malaria carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and EDC-NHS used to immobilize circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and Simultaneous analysis of biomarkers maximizes the use of samples and gives a wide range of thrombospondin related anonymous protein (TRAP)
Summary
Malaria remains an important parasitic human disease globally, which is transmitted via the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. We provide an overview of the recent advances in biosensor technologies for the detection of the most targeted biomarkers, focusing emergence and spread of drug resistance It could reduce the pool of individuals who can on: development, analytical performances, and suitability for point of care testing. The developmental cycle of species that infect humans is briefly illustrated in asymptomatic, it is difficult for diagnostic tools to detect sporozoites because hepatocytes. Some is efforts they and multiply and differentiate into merozoites This stage parasite life cycle known as in finding biomarkers for detection of early liver stage or the dormant form have identified thecalled pre-erythrocytic. Invasion occurs stage within minbegins after sporozoites are inoculated by the mosquito cells (RBCs) and grow from the rings to trophozoites and schizonts stages of development This short time and low numbers of sporozoites injected leaves little time for their detection. To ookinete and their transition into the salivary glands as sporozoites ready to be potential injected during blood meal to initiate infection in humans
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
