Abstract
Abstract Renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of renal denervation in cardiovascular diseases is questionable because clinical studies of renal denervation in hypertension are inconsistent. The renal artery nerves contain not only the sympathetic afferent but also efferent nerve fibers. Incorrect ablation position may lead to an opposite outcome. Some patients or even healthy individuals exhibit renal artery abnormalities. The accurate ablation of the renal sympathetic nerves depends on complete anatomy and precise positioning. Fortunately, the current renal artery stimulation technology can screen a section of renal sympathetic nerves. Renal denervation methods such as ultrasound and microwave ensure proper peripheral ablation. Shorter ablation time, less endothelial damage, precise sympathetic nerve positioning, and complete nerve ablation are the future prospects. This review discusses the existing evidence on renal artery and renal sympathetic nerve anatomy, renal denervation techniques, and future trends.
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