Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the second near infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) has been widely used in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to its high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration depths. In this work, recent advances in rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (RENPs)—a novel kind of NIR-II nanoprobes—are presented. The main focus of this study is on the modification of RENPs and their applications in NIR-II in vitro and in vivo imaging and cancer theranostics. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of NIR-II RENPs are discussed.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the world’s most lethal diseases, and there are no effective treatments to date
Varieties of molecular imaging techniques are widely used in the medical field, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), and optical fluorescent light imaging (FLI) (Figure 1)
Dual-mode SWIR imaging and MRI guided photothermal therapy (PTT) was performed in a nude mouse model by using NaErF4@NaGdF4 (Er@Gd), which can effectively be used to ablate tumors and provide a new way for cancer theranostics (Ma et al, 2018)
Summary
Cancer is one of the world’s most lethal diseases, and there are no effective treatments to date. Recent Advances in Rare-Earth-Doped Nanoparticles for NIR-II Imaging and Cancer Theranostics. There is need to synthesize the novel NIR-II agents with high efficiency and resolution for biological imaging application (Fan and Zhang, 2019).
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