Abstract
In the last decades, the interest in the development of protective coatings for movable and immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) assets has decidedly increased. This has been mainly prompted by the raising consciousness on preservation requirements for cultural artefacts and monuments, which has consequently determined the development of new protective products. From acrylic resins used at the end of the last century to the up-to-date biomaterials and nanoparticles employed nowadays, the research has made a giant step forward. This article reviews the progresses, the technical challenges, and the most recent advances in protective coatings for archaeological metal, glass, and stone artefacts. It aims at offering a comprehensive and critical overview of the progressions in conservation science and displaying how research has optimized polymers in order to solve deterioration problems. Attention is given to recently developed materials, hybrid coatings, and corrosion inhibitors. This work seeks to provide a reference point for future research and to offer a wide-ranging introduction on the newly available material technologies to restorers and conservators.
Highlights
Movable and immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) assets are often exposed to multiple risks that can undermine their integrity, causing damage and loss of value
Because this work would represent a guide for future coating application for archaeological and artistic materials, it focuses on the state of the art of protective coatings for specific materials, namely, metallic surfaces, historical glass, and stones, which more frequently are subject to aggressive environments
The resistance against 90% of relative humidity (RH) for 11 days was very high, because as they carried out tests in extreme conditions, the coatings did not show delamination phenomena, remaining attached to the metal surface, a significant oxidation of the film due to the environmental exposure was detected through X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses
Summary
Movable and immovable Cultural Heritage (CH) assets are often exposed to multiple risks that can undermine their integrity, causing damage and loss of value. Because this work would represent a guide for future coating application for archaeological and artistic materials, it focuses on the state of the art of protective coatings for specific materials, namely, metallic surfaces, historical glass, and stones, which more frequently are subject to aggressive environments It aims to be as comprehensive as possible in order to be a starting point for new syntheses and applications. It is for these reasons that the authors of this review consider surpassing the use of acrylic resins on CH materials, and prefer to draw the attention of the reader to future trends in protective coating research and provide evidence for the main positive qualities of the newly proposed protective actions
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