Abstract
Glucose-sensitive drug platforms are highly attractive in the field of self-regulated drug delivery. Drug carriers based on boronic acid (BA), especially phenylboronic acid (PBA), have been designed for glucose-sensitive self-regulated insulin delivery. The PBA-functionalized gels have attracted more interest in recent years. The cross-linked three-dimensional (3D) structure endows the glucose-sensitive gels with great physicochemical properties. The PBA-based platforms with cross-linked structures have found promising applications in self-regulated drug delivery systems. This article summarizes some recent attempts at the developments of PBA-mediated glucose-sensitive gels for self-regulated drug delivery. The PBA-based glucose-sensitive gels, including hydrogels, microgels, and nanogels, are expected to significantly promote the development of smart self-regulated drug delivery systems for diabetes therapy.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus threatens human health seriously with a series of complications, such as cardiovascular disease [1]
Cross-linking glucose-sensitive hydrogels based on phenylboronic acid (PBA) provides suitable semiwetting with reversible swelling/shrinking changes which are suitable for self-regulated drug delivery
PBA-functionalized due to reversible swelling and shrinking induced by glucose
Summary
Diabetes mellitus threatens human health seriously with a series of complications, such as cardiovascular disease [1]. An alternative treatment of diabetes with continuous and automatic regulation of drug release triggered by glucose directly is required. Self-regulated systems, which are called an artificial pancreas, control insulin release triggered by elevated level of blood glucose continuously and automatically. By integrating glucose-triggered drug delivery with minimal patient intervention and improved diabetic life quality, glucose-sensitive drug delivery systems may prove valuable in diabetes therapy and replace frequent insulin injection [5]. Three kinds of of glucose-sensitive glucose-sensitive materials materials have have attracted attracted growing growing scientific scientific attention attention and and are considered self-regulated drug delivery systems. Physicochemical changes of GOD-incorporated platforms induceinduce glucose-triggered payloadpayload release. The physicochemical changes of GOD-incorporated platforms glucose-triggered [7,8,9,10].
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