Abstract
ABSTRACT The widespread use of chromium in various fields has led to its significant presence in the environment, resulting in ecological and biological consequences. Chromium exists primarily in two valence states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI), each with distinct properties. While Cr(III) is essential in trace amounts for living organisms, elevated concentrations can be harmful. On the other hand, Cr(VI) is known for its toxicity, posing potential health risks, including carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions is crucial in environmental, agricultural, and biological samples. This review explores the latest developments in O-, N- and S- donor ligands as colorimetric and fluorimetric sensors for the specific recognition of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). The article provides an in-depth analysis of the various design strategies, molecular structures, and sensing mechanisms employed in these chemosensors. Additionally, the review discusses the sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applications of these chemosensors in detecting chromium ions, highlighting their potential in environmental monitoring and analytical chemistry. The challenges and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field are also addressed.
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