Abstract
Nanomaterial-based wound healing has tremendous potential for treating and preventing wound infections with its multiple benefits compared with traditional treatment approaches. In this regard, the physiochemical properties of nanomaterials enable researchers to conduct extensive studies on wound-healing applications. Nonetheless, issues concerning the use of nanomaterials in accelerating the efficacy of existing medical treatments remain unresolved. The present review highlights novel approaches focusing on the recent innovative strategies for wound healing and infection controls based on nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and scaffolds, which are elucidated in detail. In addition, the efficacy of nanomaterials as carriers for therapeutic agents associated with wound-healing applications has been addressed. Finally, nanomaterial-based scaffolds and their premise for future studies have been described. We believe that the in-depth analytical review, future insights, and potential challenges described herein will provide researchers an up-to-date reference on the use of nanomedicine and its innovative approaches that can enhance wound-healing applications.
Highlights
Wound healing is the highly coordinated process of restoring damaged tissue that comprises four sequential, yet overlapping, biological stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [1,2,3]
Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently identified colonizing pathogens that influence the initial phases of wound healing, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are typically found in chronic wounds and affect deeper layers of the skin [5]
As wound-dressing material Used with metal, metal oxide for synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing properties Conjugated with other nanomaterials in scaffold formation and antibacterial activity
Summary
Wound healing is the highly coordinated process of restoring damaged tissue that comprises four sequential, yet overlapping, biological stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [1,2,3]. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently identified colonizing pathogens that influence the initial phases of wound healing, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are typically found in chronic wounds and affect deeper layers of the skin [5]. This pathogen-associated bare skin infection may contribute to severe inflammatory reactions and incomplete healing of wounds. There are only four Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment modalities for treating chronic skin wounds [6] These include two dermal substitutes (Graftskin [7], Dermagraft [8]), a bioengineered human skin equivalent (Integra Dermal Regeneration Template, IDRT [9]), and a recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (Becaplermin [10]). Recent groundbreaking approaches such as hyperthermia treatment and gene nanotherapy are highlighted
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