Abstract
Smart luminescent materials, which can respond to the changing of external environment (light, electricity, force, temperature, etc.), have always been one of the research hotspots. Mechanochromism refers to the materials whose emission color or intensity can be altered under the stimulation of external mechanical force. This kind of smart materials have been widely used in data storage, information encryption and sensors due to its simple operation, obvious and rapid response. The introduction of metal atoms in metal-organic compounds brings about fascinating metalophilic interactions and results in more interesting and surprising mechanochromic behaviors. In this mini-review, recent advances in mechanochromism of metal-organic compounds, including mono-, di-, multinuclear metal-organic complexes and metallic clusters are summarized. Varies mechanisms are discussed and some design strategies for metal-organic compounds with mechanochromism are also presented.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONLuminescent materials have always been valued by researchers due to their widely use in data storage, optoelectronic devices, biological imaging and other fields (Zhu et al, 2016; Shi et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2021; Jackson et al, 2021; Yin et al, 2021; Min et al, 2022)
According to the number of metal atoms in the compounds, we summarized the mono, di, and multinuclear complexes, even metallic clusters (Benito et al, 2015; Li et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2017; Ma, 2019) and metal-organic framework (MOF) (Wei et al, 2016; Wu and Huang, 2018; Jindal et al, 2021)
This paper reviewed the recent advances in mechanochromism of metal-organic compounds such as Ir(III), Au(I), Cu(I), Pt (II) and Zn(II) complexes
Summary
Luminescent materials have always been valued by researchers due to their widely use in data storage, optoelectronic devices, biological imaging and other fields (Zhu et al, 2016; Shi et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2021; Jackson et al, 2021; Yin et al, 2021; Min et al, 2022). The results of the study indicated that intramolecular ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (3LLCT) was existed in the original crystallic solids of gold(I) complexes, and the aurophilic interactions were formed after grinding, resulting to the formation of metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) states and the extension of the π system, which reduced the energy level of the luminophore and caused red-shifted emission. This complex possessed the largest red-shifted emission reported so far and provided a facile method to construct infrared light-emitting materials by mechanochromism. The neutral mononuclear complex was converted to a ionic dinuclear structure with intramolecular aurophilic interactions, emitting red photoluminescence and showing high contrast mechanochromism
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