Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin. It is a non-toxic, biocompatible, bioactive, and biodegradable polymer. Due to its properties, chitosan has found applications in several and different fields such as agriculture, food industry, medicine, paper fabrication, textile industry, and water treatment. In addition to these properties, chitosan has a good film-forming ability which allows it to be widely used for the development of sensors and biosensors. This review is focused on the use of chitosan for the formulation of electrochemical chemosensors. It also aims to provide an overview of the advantages of using chitosan as an immobilization platform for biomolecules by highlighting its applications in electrochemical biosensors. Finally, applications of chitosan-based electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors in food safety are illustrated.
Highlights
This review explores design, assembling and application of chitosan (CHI)-based electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors for the analysis of selected targets/molecules involved in food screening and safety.Food safety is a central question to tackle for the food industry, because contaminants, bacteria, toxins, etc. can be developed and appear at each of the different stages in the food production chain for many reasons, e.g., unexpected reactions, degradation, and incorrect storage [1,2].food quality is essential for food industries and consumers, because such a process includes the screening of food contaminants/additives and the analysis of food composition/ingredients [2]
We presented a sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection based on single-walled carbon nanotubes/chitosan (SWCNTs/CHI) nanocomposites [93]
Considering the drawbacks of the conventional analytical approaches, such as complex analytical protocols, long duration of the analytical procedure, costly operation, and skilled personnel, it is quite clear that the electrochemicalsensing approach is very attractive for many reasons, such as easiness to handle, relatively low cost, good sensitivity, and easy miniaturization
Summary
This review explores design, assembling and application of chitosan (CHI)-based electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors for the analysis of selected targets/molecules involved in food screening and safety. Good sensitivity, availability for real-time analysis and minimal matrix effect are achieved in many applications [2,5] For these reasons, electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors have received increasing attention and thereby have been widely used in food analysis for food safety. Electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors have received increasing attention and thereby have been widely used in food analysis for food safety They represent an alternative tool for the food screening, because they can be applied for contaminants detection before the end of the production cycle [6,7,8], providing real-time information about the production process through on-site food monitoring. Before introducing and shaping electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors, we would like to highlight some considerations and comments about CHI evidencing its functional and structural properties which make it attractive for the preparation of electrochemical chemosensors and biosensors
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