Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an emerging pollutant commonly found in industrial wastewater, owing to its extensive usage as an additive in the manufacturing industry. PVA’s popularity has made wastewater treatment technologies for PVA degradation a popular research topic in industrial wastewater treatment. Although many PVA degradation technologies are studied in bench-scale processes, recent advancements in process optimization and control of wastewater treatment technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) show the feasibility of these processes by monitoring and controlling processes to meet desired regulatory standards. These wastewater treatment technologies exhibit complex reaction mechanisms leading to nonlinear and nonstationary behavior related to variability in operational conditions. Thus, black-box dynamic modeling is a promising tool for designing control schemes since dynamic modeling is more complicated in terms of first principles and reaction mechanisms. This study seeks to provide a survey of process control methods via a comprehensive review focusing on PVA degradation methods, including biological and advanced oxidation processes, along with their reaction mechanisms, control-oriented dynamic modeling (i.e., state-space, transfer function, and artificial neural network modeling), and control strategies (i.e., proportional-integral-derivative control and predictive control) associated with wastewater treatment technologies utilized for PVA degradation.
Highlights
Over the last few decades, water-soluble polymeric materials have been a popular additive in many industries
Liquid cultures inoculated with paper mill sewage sludge that was previously treating paper mill wastewater containing Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) presented a much higher PVA-degradation efficiency (33.3% in 21 days and 100% in 70 days), indicating that the PVA-degradation ability of activated sludge is strictly related to the presence of PVA-degrading microorganisms that are found exclusively in environments contaminated by PVA [19]
Wet air oxidation (WAO) is an advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) performed in the aqueous phase under elevated temperature and high pressure, with the presence of oxygen or air, where the pollutant (PVA) is broken down by oxygen to form oxidative species, as demonstrated in the following reaction: Pr + O2− ads (O2) → Pr + H2
Summary
Over the last few decades, water-soluble polymeric materials have been a popular additive in many industries. Water-soluble polymers are utilized as additives in many applications because of their physical properties, such as binders, coagulants, dispersants, emulsifiers, flocculants, thickeners, stabilizers, film-formers, humectants, or lubricants in aqueous media [3] These polymers are toxic and possess limited biodegradability characteristics, which enter the environment through direct disposal or wastewater treatment trains [3,4,5]. This study seeks to provide a general way to achieve process control in complex wastewater treatment systems by collecting information on PVA degradation mechanisms, dynamic modeling methods, and process control strategies applied in various wastewater treatment technologies
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