Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) pollution has raised significant concerns to human health with the rapid development of electronic devices and wireless information technologies, and created adverse effects on the normal operation of the sensitive electronic apparatus. Notably, the EM absorbers with either dielectric loss or magnetic loss can hardly perform efficient absorption, which thereby limits their applications in the coming 5G era. In such a context, the hotspot materials reported recently, such as graphene, MXenes, and metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-derived materials, etc., have been explored and applied as EM absorbing and shielding materials owing to their tunable heterostructures, as well as the facile incorporation of both dielectric and magnetic components. In this review, we deliver a comprehensive literature survey according to the types of EM absorbing and shielding materials, and interpret the connectivity and regularity among them on the basis of absorbing mechanisms and microstructures. Finally, the challenges and the future prospects of the EM dissipating materials are also discussed accordingly.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
The attenuation capability of an EM interferences (EMI) shielding material is defined as electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE), which is EMIratio shielding material as electromagnetic the in decibelsisofdefined the incident and transmittedshielding energies effectiveness or fields of the(SE), EM which wave, is the ratio in decibels
Μr tan h j μr ε r, εr c r where Zin is the input impedance of the microwave absorption layer at the surface; Z0 refers to the intrinsic impedance of the free space; μr and εr are the relative complex permeability and permittivity, respectively; c is the velocity of the light and d is the thickness of the absorber
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In recent years, owing to the rapid development of communication technology and the extensive utilization of electronic devices, such as telecommunication, local area network and radar systems, electromagnetic (EM) waves have been generated in various frequency bands in our modern society. Various types of conductive materials (including carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, graphene, and MXene, etc.) and magnetic materials (Fe, Co, Ni, ferrite, and alloys, etc.) have been successfully utilized in the dissipation of EM wave through dielectric loss or magnetic loss [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19].
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