Recent Advances and Technologies in Chitinase Production Under Solid-State Fermentation

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Our target is to evaluate recent literature on chitinase production from different sources via solid-state fermentation and to analyze several strategies to improve chitinase production via solid-state fermentation. Plant pathogen biocontrol, sequential transformation of chitin into bioactive molecules such as chito-oligosaccharides and N-acetylglucosamine, protoplast synthesis from filamentous fungi, and single-cell protein production are some of the applications for chitinase. Despite their enormous biological importance, chitinases have received little commercial importance due to the smaller percentage of microbes with high efficiencies, the enzymes' decreased activity and consistency, and the cost of production. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is less expensive, requires fewer vessels, uses less water, requires fewer wastewater treatments, produces a greater product yield, has a lower risk of bacterial contamination, and requires less energy expenditure. Despite its higher productivity and lower cost, the SSF technique is now mostly limited to lab scales. Furthermore, the crude SSF products can be used as an enzyme source for biotransformation. There are many findings on different microorganisms that produce chitinase by SSF. So it is very critical to isolate new organisms for such production. So we assessed the traditional approach to medium optimization, which focuses on changing one factor at a time while leaving the others constant, and statistical optimization techniques such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and genetic algorithms (GA).