RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN SQUARE-WAVE VOLTAMMETRY (A REVIEW)

Abstract

Recent advances in square-wave voltammetry for analytical purposes as well as for studying electrode mechanisms and kinetics are reviewed, mainly covering results published in the last decade. Analyzing only some typical analytically oriented studies, one confirms the well-known fact that the technique is attributed with superior analytical performance in the family of advance pulse voltammetric techniques. Covering all analytical studies where square-wave voltammetry is the working technique is hardly possible. For this reason, we decided to cover the relevant studies in square-wave voltammetry, mainly published in the last five to seven years. The reviewed period is marked with remarkable contributions in the theory of complex electrode mechanisms, revealing that square-wave voltammetry is one of the most powerful voltammetric techniques for both mechanistic and kinetic characterizations of electrode processes. Finally, a brief consideration is given to several methodologically oriented studies, referring mainly to cyclic-square voltammetry as well as methods based on the analysis of electrode processes by varying the amplitude of the potential modulation, which is expected to expand the scope and application of the technique in coming years.