Abstract
In the last 3 years alone, over 10,000 publications have appeared on the topic of dye removal, including over 300 reviews. Thus, the topic is very relevant, although there are few articles on the practical applications on an industrial scale of the results obtained in research laboratories. Therefore, in this review, we focus on advanced oxidation methods integrated with biological methods, widely recognized as highly efficient treatments for recalcitrant wastewater, that have the best chance of industrial application. It is extremely important to know all the phenomena and mechanisms that occur during the process of removing dyestuffs and the products of their degradation from wastewater to prevent their penetration into drinking water sources. Therefore, particular attention is paid to understanding the mechanisms of both chemical and biological degradation of dyes, and the kinetics of these processes, which are important from a design point of view, as well as the performance and implementation of these operations on a larger scale.
Highlights
Dyes and pigments are colorants that give a color to a material, making it more attractive
The chemical pre-treatment acts as partial oxidation of the biologically persistent part to produce biodegradable reaction intermediates, while in the opposite direction, the highly biodegradable part of the wastewater is first eliminated in a biological way and the recalcitrant contaminants are degraded in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) post-treatment
Particular attention was paid to understanding the mechanisms of both chemical and biological degradation of dyes, the kinetics of these processes, as well as the performance and the implementation of these operations on a larger scale, because it is extremely important to know all the phenomena and mechanisms that occur during the process of removing dyestuffs and the products of their degradation from wastewater to prevent their penetration into drinking water sources
Summary
Dyes and pigments are colorants that give a color to a material, making it more attractive. The chemical pre-treatment acts as partial oxidation of the biologically persistent part to produce biodegradable reaction intermediates, while in the opposite direction, the highly biodegradable part of the wastewater is first eliminated in a biological way and the recalcitrant contaminants are degraded in AOPs post-treatment Taking these considerations into account, we decided to limit this review to integrated AOPs processes with biological methods that have the best chance of practical implementation of the treatment of colored wastewater of the textile industry. From the point of view of designing reactors for the treatment of colored textile wastewater, it is important to know the kinetics of the process, and we paid attention to this kinetic aspect of both chemical and biological dye degradation processes This is important especially due to the fact that methods and technologies for wastewater treatment and water recovery are constantly being modified to improve their effectiveness
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