Abstract
RESUMO Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar as possíveis correlações entre os indicadores de desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e a presença de unidades de conservação (UC), tanto de uso sustentável como de proteção integral. Os valores de Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e Índice de Gini (IG) foram comparados entre os municípios com e sem UC pelo teste não paramétrico Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Testaram-se as correlações entre IDH e IG de cada município e suas áreas ocupadas por UC através do teste não paramétrico de correlação de Spearman. Identificaram-se 560 UC nos 853 municípios do estado. Os municípios com UC não apresentaram IDH significativamente diferentes dos demais, mas encontraram-se diferenças significativas nos valores de IG, superiores nos municípios com UC. Não se encontraram correlações significativas entre os IDH dos municípios e suas áreas ocupadas por UC. Mas encontraram-se correlações significativas entre IG e as áreas ocupadas por UC, associando as UC a maiores desigualdades socioeconômicas. Deve-se incorporar as populações aos esforços de conservação por meio de programas que as beneficiem, em especial o pagamento por serviços ambientais, entre outras estratégias conservacionistas.
Highlights
Natural protected areas are land or sea areas dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and associated natural and cultural resources that are managed through legal or other effective means (CHAPE et al, 2008)
The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests showed that the Human Development Index (HDI) of the 365 municipalities with conservation areas (CAs) did not significantly differ from the HDI of the 487 municipalities without CAs (p = 0.1440), and no significant differences in the HDI were observed between the 300 municipalities with and the 487 municipalities without sustainable use CAs (p = 0.1670) or between the 134 municipalities with and the 487 municipalities without full protection CAs (p = 0.0483)
The existence of conservation areas does not influence the Human Development Index of the municipalities Minas Gerais, but it is associated with higher socioeconomic inequalities, according to the analysis of the Gini Index values
Summary
Natural protected areas are land or sea areas dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and associated natural and cultural resources that are managed through legal or other effective means (CHAPE et al, 2008) These areas include conservation areas (CAs), generically called parks. Studies show that many protected areas promote income generation and stimulate regional and local development by promoting sustainable tourism programs and the creation of cooperatives, in addition to encouraging science and education (ADAM et al, 2010; CANAVIRE-BACARREZA; HANAUER, 2013) and reducing poverty (FERRARO et al, 2011) Countries such as Costa Rica and Thailand have reduced poverty by combining protected areas with tourism, which has reduced deforestation rates (ADAM et al, 2010). Naughton-Treves et al (2011), in a decadal study of Kibale National Park, Uganda, failed to link the park to poverty, but rather linked it to the generation of better quality of life for the surrounding population
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