Abstract
Kitigorchis, a monotypic genus supposed to be endemic in the central part of Japan, was recently found in the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan. Further investigation of herbarium specimens and descriptions revealed that Kitigorchis itoana is conspecific with Oreorchis indica, previously recorded from the western Himalaya to southwestern China. This pattern of geographic distribution represents another example of disjunct distribution between Japan, Taiwan and the Himalayan region within the Eastern Asiatic Kingdom. Phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA, matK, trnT-L intergenic spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer, and rpL 16 intron showed that the monotypic Kitigorchis makes Oreorchis paraphyletic.
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